One possible way to separate chitosan from algae after flocculation is to use a centrifuge or a filter to separate the solid and liquid phases of the nanofluid. The solid phase will contain the algae and chitosan flocs, while the liquid phase will contain the water and any dissolved substances. The solid phase can then be washed with water or a solvent to remove any residual chitosan or impurities from the algae. The liquid phase can be reused to produce fresh cultures of algae or disposed of safely.
Another possible way to separate chitosan from algae after flocculation is to use an acid or a base to dissolve the chitosan and release the algae. Chitosan is soluble in acidic solutions with pH below 6.5, or in basic solutions with pH above 8.5. The pH of the nanofluid can be adjusted by adding an acid such as hydrochloric acid or a base such as sodium hydroxide. The dissolved chitosan can then be separated from the algae by centrifugation or filtration. The algae can be washed with water or a solvent to remove any residual chitosan or impurities. The chitosan solution can be recovered by neutralizing the pH or precipitating the chitosan with a salt such as sodium sulfate
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