I am interested in analyzing rainfall data and seeking simple methods to do it with statistical analysis
Carl Alexander Frisk
The simplest statistical analysis would be a One-way ANOVA, by comparing rain amount as a function of month. This would tell you if there is a difference between months or not. You can then do a post-hoc, e.g., Tukey, to compare the months to see where this difference is.
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Ronán Michael Conroy
Months are circular. That is, the month after december is january. So 1 follows 12. ANOVA treats the months as if they were unordered categories. We all know that they follow an order that has to be taken into account when you analyse the data. Second, there is no credible hypothesis that says that variation between months is random. Climate doesn't work like that. Rainfall will have peaks and troughs – we all know that. So the ANOVA null hypothesis is already false. Have you considered how many pairs of months you could compare? That's a huge number of post-hoc tests, from which you will have a coleslaw of p-values. You need to get familiar with statistical methods for looking at seasonal variation. Have a look at this link, which gives you a basic introduction : https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f5/technical-articles/time-series.html
Beware – there are three things wrong with this advice from Carl Alexander Frisk
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