What is the role of microorganisms in decomposition of organic farm wastes and which microorganism plays an important role in decomposition?
Microbes carry out the decomposition of organic matter by utilizing carbon and nitrogen as the energy sources along with oxygen and water, ensuring the production of water, carbon dioxide, heat, and soil-enriching compost. Microorganisms are the drivers of wastewater treatment systems and anaerobic digesters, where they are responsible for removing pollutants and pathogens, recovering nutrients and energy, and producing clean water. It acts on sludge and removes organic wastes. In anaerobic decomposition, microorganisms decompose the solid waste into biodegradable and nontoxic forms in the absence of oxygen. There are two types of bacteria which play a significant role in anaerobic decomposition reactions, which include hydrolytic bacteria and the acidogenic bacteria. Activity of organisms causes decomposition of organic matter and destroys them, where the bacteria convert the organic matter or other constituents in the wastewater to new cells, water, gases and other products. The microbes simply eat up contaminants such as oil and organic matter convert them and then let off carbon dioxide and water. The process uses naturally occurring bacteria, fungi or plants to degrade substances that are hazardous to human health or the environment. Bacteria are responsible for most of the decomposition and heat generation in compost. They are the most nutritionally diverse group of compost organisms, using a broad range of enzymes to chemically break down a variety of organic materials.
Microorganisms are the primary agents of decomposition. Particularly, fungi are considered the major contributors due to their ability to produce specific enzymes and the possibility to access new substrates through hyphae. Here in, microbes carry out the decomposition of organic matter by utilizing carbon and nitrogen as the energy sources along with oxygen and water, ensuring the production of water, carbon dioxide, heat, and soil-enriching compost. Activity of organisms causes decomposition of organic matter and destroys them, where the bacteria convert the organic matter or other constituents in the wastewater to new cells, water, gases and other products. The use of potential microbial decomposers is very important in the process of biomass degradation to produce high-value-added compost [5]. The microbes have a role to minimize ecological imbalance and to maintain nutrient flow from one system to another. The bacteria metabolize the organic components of the waste and release some of the inorganic components utilized by the algae. During protoplasm synthesis the algae release oxygen which is taken by the bacteria to bring about complete aerobic stabilization of the organic matter.
Microorganisms release enzymes that oxidise the organic compounds in organic matter. The oxidation reaction releases energy and carbon, which micro-organisms need to live. The final end product of mineralization is nutrients in the mineral form. Plants require nutrients to be in mineral form to take them up from soil. Microorganism can act as magic bullets for bioremediation of contaminated sites and biodegradation purposes. Now a day microorganisms are effectively used together with nanotechnology, termed as nano-bioremediation to clean up radioactive wastes. Decomposers have the ability to break down dead organisms into smaller particles and create new compounds. We use decomposers to restore the natural nutrient cycle through controlled composting. Decomposers are the link that keeps the circle of life in motion. Here in, microbes carry out the decomposition of organic matter by utilizing carbon and nitrogen as the energy sources along with oxygen and water, ensuring the production of water, carbon dioxide, heat, and soil-enriching compost. Microorganisms help increase soil fertility. Some microorganisms such as bacteria are very good decomposers. They decompose dead organic matter. This substance when mixed with the soil will make it fertile. Most decomposers are microscopic organisms, including protozoa and bacteria. Other decomposers are big enough to see without a microscope. They include fungi along with invertebrate organisms sometimes called detritivores, which include earthworms, termites, and millipedes.
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