Nations of the world vary in their technological capabilities as they do in other measures of development. these nations can be classified into multiple Technology clubs, such as highly advanced or innovative nations that still create most of the innovations in the global innovation network, then there are those who are good at acquisition and adaptation of innovations originated elsewhere, these nations innovation systems are developing fast. and then there are those who show no signs of active convergence towards becoming an innovation driven economy. The first and second types have innovation systems and thus innovation policies at varying degree of effectiveness. while the third type are passive learners being dragged behind the global innovation train only growing with whatever trickles down, from the global innovation and production system, or serendipitous creative repairs type adaptation.
Effectiveness of institutions and policies is necessary for existence and performance of innovation systems, which are in essence, intentional and created systems not occurring in normal capitalist market mechanisms. thus these technology clubs must also be divided along the policy lines. Whether innovation policy institutions exist and how effective they are, might be a determinant of technological capabilities development.
what would be the measures of effectiveness of innovation policies? Output measures as well as input and throughput measures. What is the bare minimum threshold of effective technology/innovation policy? What policy guidelines should be suitable for such passive learning economies to escape their technology lock-in state?
Thanx Ales. Taxation is one of the key policy areas and its effects on innovation behaviour of individuals and firms is quite encompassing and interesting. Though based on neo-classical assumptions of the Homo-Economicus rational maximising beings.
Financial & non-financial incentives can be the key elements to drive national innovation.
Innovation isn't an isolated concept; it takes place in real life, in an area where there are material and virtual facilities. These facilities are the result of a co evolution of local actors who keep their own trajectories but they have an impact on the global strategy in the territory. The territory becomes a centrality for innovation at the local scale.
The ecosystem created by actors involve public policies and investments, infrastructures, the private and public involvements, creative class, but also entrepreneurs, companies, academics training with engineering and research. But even with these ingredients there are no guaranties that it works at any time. The “Mediation”, in different forms, is necessary to enhance the process depending on the local culture and public policies of innovation & research. The dynamic of Innovation and creativity has to be led on a shared strategy .This shared strategy could be the first step to create an innovation driven environment. But this process is slow; it creates some tensions with huge expectations in short term on the territory. The attractiveness will come gradually following the development of the shared strategy. The Silicon Valley was begun more than forty years before. The local ecosystem of innovation is a sort of an open hub facilitating international exchanges for the actors.
Innovation is such a small aspect of the economy for developing economies. There are two tripods for that developing economies need to focus on - the first is institutional - working governance, market institutions and independent judiciary. The second - fresh water, education and food supply. Innovation will generally flourish to a point given basic human conditions. Fligstein is a good read on government and markets. Also I feel impelled to point out that high 'innovation policy' is largely an academic enterprise driven by the needs of the academic enterprise it is not neutral - it does not investigate all topics evenly. -
"my last point about our difficulties in translating research findings into policy is in a sense our fault. This concerns our biased research agenda. For at least thirty years, particularly in Europe it seems to me that the policy research agenda in academia focused almost exclusively on the design, development, and evaluation tools, instruments, and programs aimed at increasing the rate of innovation in the system."
Foray 2011 in Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity.
Mansoor,
Some thoughts on innovation and productivity policy from an emerging economy:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301341427_Reforming_Jamaica%27s_National_Systems_of_Innovation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305684096_The_development_of_a_creative_class_A_national_imperative
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299747565_Towards_a_talent-driven_outward-oriented_globally-competitive_SME_framework_Discussion_Paper
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305687139_Priority_policy_recommendations_for_transforming_individual_productivity_and_SME_competitiveness_in_Jamaica
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260638458_Strategies_for_enhancing_Jamaican_competitiveness_in_the_global_knowledge_economy
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299604127_Human_Factors_Affecting_Productivity_in_Jamaica_Technical_Report_on_Preliminary_Findings
Technical Report Reforming Jamaica's National Systems of Innovation
Presentation The development of a creative class: A national imperative
Technical Report Towards a talent-driven outward-oriented globally-competitiv...
Technical Report Priority policy recommendations for transforming individual ...
Conference Paper Strategies for enhancing Jamaican competitiveness in the glo...
Technical Report Human Factors Affecting Productivity in Jamaica: Technical R...
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