To the best of our knowledge, 13 among 203 catalysts have overcome the peak power density (PPD) threshold of 1000 mW.cm-2 , which belong to the four categories i.e. Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (M-N-C), BimetalsNitrogen-Carbon (MM-N-C), Transition metal oxides (TMO), and non-metallic catalysts (NMC). The improvement in catalyst’s porosity, surface area, conjugation of active sites, and thereby the synthesis procedures have a great effect on the ORR activity and fuel cell performance.

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