In developing countries like Iran, the most effective form of government support for promoting renewable energy adoption involves a well-designed mix of targeted subsidies, feed-in tariffs, and regulatory frameworks that ensure policy consistency and financial viability.

Redirecting fossil fuel subsidies toward renewable technologies especially solar and wind can correct price distortions and incentivize clean energy investment. In parallel, feed-in tariffs and net metering schemes offer long-term revenue certainty for small-scale producers, encouraging both residential and industrial adoption.

Moreover, access to concessional financing, low-interest loans, and tax incentives can address upfront cost barriers, which are particularly critical in Iran’s current economic climate. Equally important are transparent regulations, streamlined approval processes, and public-private partnerships that build investor confidence.

Ultimately, the success of such measures depends on policy stability, institutional capacity, and public awareness, all of which play a pivotal role in scaling renewable technologies sustainably.

Dear Komal, Thank you for your thoughtful and comprehensive response. You’ve highlighted several critical aspects — particularly the redirection of fossil fuel subsidies, feed-in tariffs, and the importance of regulatory stability — which are especially relevant for Iran’s current context. I fully agree that concessional financing and institutional capacity are essential pillars in scaling up renewable energy deployment. I appreciate your insights, and I hope other researchers will also share their experiences and perspectives, especially from countries facing similar policy and economic challenges.

Looking forward to further discussion.

The most effective government support to boost renewable energy adoption in developing countries like Iran includes:

Key Focus: Overcome funding barriers and bureaucratic hurdles while ensuring long-term policy stability to attract investors.

Thank you, Professor Arize, for your insightful and well-structured contribution. Your summary of key policy levers—financial incentives, feed-in tariffs, regulatory reforms, PPPs, and capacity building—offers a valuable framework for evaluating the renewable energy landscape in countries like Iran.

From the Iranian perspective, I would like to add a few contextual points:

Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs) have been implemented in Iran, particularly for small-scale solar projects. However, inconsistent execution, payment delays, and currency depreciation have severely impacted investor confidence. A more stable and transparent pricing mechanism is urgently needed.

Regulatory inefficiencies remain a major barrier, with lengthy approval processes and lack of coordination among government agencies. A "one-stop-shop" for renewable energy investment approvals could significantly accelerate progress.

Regarding Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), what strategies do you see as effective for risk-sharing in politically and economically unstable environments like Iran? It would be valuable to hear your thoughts or see examples where these challenges have been successfully addressed.

Additionally, I am curious about the potential role of international cooperation—such as climate finance mechanisms or development banks—in bridging the financial and technical gaps in developing countries.

I warmly invite colleagues from other developing countries to share their experiences and policy insights as well.

Kind regards,

Reza Alizadeh,

CEO & Chairman | Apageco Global Trading.

The most effective form of government support to promote renewable energy adoption in developing countries like Iran includes targeted subsidies, feed-in tariffs, tax incentives for green investments, and streamlined regulations to attract private sector involvement while addressing infrastructure and financing gaps.