I think there will always be a need for different methods of disinfection due to the differences in systems.
The closest we get to a perfect disinfection method is UV radiation. Still it requires careful design, transparent water and leaves no disinfection residual.
Attached is an interesting paper about the use of various nanomaterials, including carbon and silver, as applied to water treatment and surface disinfection. I think some of these, such as carbon nanoparticles are prospective for low-tech, decentralized applications.