Dear Abdulvahab,

Attached please find "Guidebook to Geothermal Power Finance 2011".

May be, this guidebook will be useful for you.

Best

Lev

Dorogoy Lev,

Spasibo za Guidebook. Finansov;e geotermaln;x rabot oxcen interesno dlya menya. 

No moy vopros o tom, kakaya minimalmnaya temperatura termalnix vod , kotoroy vozmojno polucit elektricestvo.

Eshe raz spasibo

Abdulvahab

I've attacked my lecture notes on the geothermal energy to help you understand this technology.

This lecture is part of the course that I developed and currently teach at Yale College summer session. The course title is Green Energy Systems.

Enjoy!

Hope this helps answer your question.

Professor Yehia Khalil, Yale University, USA

Fellow of the University of Oxford, UK

Dear Abdulvahab,

many examples from all over the world are known where electricity was produced using waters of relatively low temperatures, even lower than 70 °C (see the first link...very interesting to read).

However, the question of profitability or financial viability of generating electricity from waters at low temperatures is probably better answered in the guidebook that Lev sent you.

So, one question is what is the minimum needed temperature technologically, but quite another if the process will be economically reasonable and which user will buy electricity at such high prices.

My opinion: Generating electricity from lower temperature geothermal waters is reasonable only in remote areas (e.g. second link), where it is better to have a small binary plant than to build power transmission lines at great cost and with high losses due to their length. In areas with developed electricity grid the production from low temperature waters is usually not economically viable, even with incentives and feed-in tariffs.

http://www.oit.edu/docs/default-source/geoheat-center-documents/quarterly-bulletin/vol-20/20-2/20-2-art2.pdf?sfvrsn=4

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375650503000671

Dear All!

Thank you for your ansver. That are very interesting and helpful for me.

http://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Aug/IRENA_Geothermal_Power_2017.pdf

http://www.geothermalcommunities.eu/assets/elearning/7.21.geothermalscan.pdf

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001332/133254e.pdf

http://www.gtherm.net/downloads/EPRI_Geothermal_WhitePaper.pdf

http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/GeothermalEnergy1.pdf

https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/01/f29/geothermal_green_tep_nov03.pdf