ultrasonic waves can make distances in the nanoparticles, so matrix can fill these free spaces, on the other hand; these work can leads to a stronger connection between matrix and nanoparticle. so higher mechanical properties can be achieved, but not all properties.
To disperse nanoparticles by ultrasonic waves, you need to choose a surfactant. The surfactant will promote the nanoparticle dispersion by ultrasonic waves.
The physics behind the dispersion of nano- particles by ultra-sonic waves is quite interesting. Alternating high pressure and low pressure waves are produced in the liquid medium via ultra sonication which leads to the formation and the collapse of small vacuum bubbles. This cavitation causes high speed liquid impinging jets which induces a shear force on your agglomerated nano- particles and force them to get dispersed in your surfactant.
The factor pointed out by Vladimir- the choice of surfactant- also plays an important role in the dispersion of your nano-materials.