The solar energy can be stored in many applications as Trombe wall and other systems. However, the solar intensity varies with time. At which hour of the daytime the storage system earns the most heat storage in solar systems.
normally the available solar energy is at peak 2 hours before and after solar noon at a location.if the solar system is connected to a load, it will also be peak that time. you can check the pattern of solar energy intensity and load during sunshine hour for any location and can estimate the time of maximum thermal storage.
The solar intensity varies with daytime as you mentioned, it increases from the first day light until 12 AM then it starts to decrease. In general the storage media takes time to earn heat and stores it. This time called the lag time differs from day to day and from location to another depending on the local shadow and wind speed and many other parameters. In general, the period ranging from 2 to 4 hours depending on the storage media. This means that the peak hour you asked ranges from 2PM to 4 PM.
The pick of normal solar irradiance is in 12 AM. The pick of external air temperature is usually 1-2 hours later. They both contribute to sol-air temperature. It has different values for different exposure. This means that the maximum peak will depend on the exposure and tilt of the collecting surface: