Hello,

Could anyone here please tell me the experimental set up, or the protocol to be able to measure the angular distribution of the light emitted (fD) by some OLED device? I have seen that there are some equations to determine power efficiency, or external quantum efficiency, using this concept fD (please see the attached image) and it's represented as a double integral of an intensity function. But how is it measured? What equipment is required? Or under what conditions? Is there any protocol, or procedure that someone here could be so kind to facilitate for those of us who have no experience in that field?

Thanks in advance.

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