The Electromagnetic Force of the Sun

The Sun is a giant sphere of hot plasma, a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons, leaving behind positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. These charged particles constantly move around, and their motion creates magnetic fields. The Sun's magnetic field is very strong, and it extends far beyond the Sun's surface.

The Sun's magnetic field is constantly changing, and these changes can cause the release of charged particles from the Sun's corona, the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere. These charged particles are called the solar wind, and they travel through space at speeds of up to hundreds of miles per second.

The solar wind can have a significant impact on Earth. When the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field, it can cause magnetic storms. Magnetic storms can disrupt radio communications, and they can also cause the aurora borealis (Northern Lights) and aurora australis (Southern Lights).

In addition to the solar wind, the Sun also emits electromagnetic radiation in the form of light, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. This electromagnetic radiation is called solar radiation, and it travels through space at the speed of light.

Where Radiant Energy Goes When It Reaches Earth

When solar radiation reaches Earth, it can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted.

• Absorbed radiation is converted into heat. This heat warms the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, and it also powers the Earth's weather systems.
• Reflected radiation bounces off of the Earth's surface and back into space. This is what makes the Earth look blue from space.
• Transmitted radiation passes through the Earth's atmosphere and is not absorbed or reflected. This radiation continues on its journey through space.

The amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth varies depending on the time of year, the time of day, and the Earth's latitude. The most solar radiation reaches Earth during the summer months, when the Sun is high in the sky. The least solar radiation reaches Earth during the winter months, when the Sun is low in the sky. Solar radiation also varies throughout the day, with the most radiation reaching Earth at noon and the least radiation reaching Earth at night. Finally, solar radiation varies depending on the Earth's latitude, with the most radiation reaching the equator and the least radiation reaching the poles.

Overall, the Sun is a major source of energy for Earth. The Sun's electromagnetic force creates the solar wind, which can affect Earth's magnetic field. The Sun also emits electromagnetic radiation in the form of solar radiation, which warms the Earth's atmosphere and oceans and powers the Earth's weather systems.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

In fact, the electromagnetic force between the two bodies is slightly around 1,000,000 Newtons, which is far less compared to the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun at around 3.52 × 10 22. The sun has a large and complex magnetic field. The Sun's average large-scale magnetic field, like that of the Earth, exhibits a north and a south pole linked by lines of magnetic force. Magnetic fields are created by things that are magnetic or by moving charged particles. All of the energy from the Sun that reaches the Earth arrives as solar radiation, part of a large collection of energy called the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Solar radiation includes visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. The magnetic field at an average place on the Sun is around 1 Gauss, about twice as strong as the average field on the surface of Earth. The plasma in the sun, therefore, sets up a complicated system of cause and effect in which plasma flows inside the sun churned up by the enormous heat produced by nuclear fusion at the center of the sun create the sun's magnetic fields. This system is known as the solar dynamo. This electromagnetic radiation is called solar radiation, and it travels through space at the speed of light. When solar radiation reaches Earth, it can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted. Absorbed radiation is converted into heat.Most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere, and much of what reaches the Earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere to become heat energy. Dark colored objects, such as asphalt, absorb radiant energy faster than light colored objects. Some of this incoming radiation is reflected off clouds, some is absorbed by the atmosphere, and some passes through to the Earth's surface. Larger aerosol particles in the atmosphere interact with and absorb some of the radiation, causing the atmosphere to warm.Energy is transferred from the sun to Earth via electromagnetic waves, or radiation. Most of the energy that passes through the upper atmosphere and reaches Earth's surface is in two forms, visible and infrared light. The majority of this light is in the visible spectrum. Waves of solar energy radiate, or spread out, from the Sun and travel at the speed of light through the vacuum of space as electromagnetic radiation. The majority of the Sun's radiation reaching Earth is in the form of visible light we can see and invisible infrared energy that we can't see. The atmosphere absorbs 23 percent of incoming sunlight while the surface absorbs 48. The atmosphere radiates heat equivalent to 59 percent of incoming sunlight; the surface radiates only 12 percent. In other words, most solar heating happens at the surface, while most radiative cooling happens in the atmosphere.