What is the dual space of bounded continuous functions defined on a metric space (not necessarily compact)? (i would appreciate to have a reference for the result too)
Thank you for the interesting discussions on the dual of the space/subspace of continuous function. I also agree with Richard and George's comments. It is a Good question that might deserve more studies dependent on the type of project one is currently working on.
I wish to add that Hannah's source provides some more formal, detailed theorem and proofs which is very nice in the setting of locally compact metric spaces.
The (algebraic or topological) dual space of the space $C_b(X)$ for any completely regular space $X$, mertizable or not, is the same as that of $C(\beta X)$, since the two spaces are isometrically isomorphic, where $\beta X$ is the stone ceck compactification of $X$. The isomorphism being obviously given by the extension $f \mapsto f^{\beta}$. Therefore the situation is the same as for compact spaces.