I just know that safety analysis is about all activities to ensure system safety, and hazard analysis is going to find the causal factors about hazards. It's seem that I should say that hazard analysis is a part of safety analysis. But, I still feel a little confused about the relathionship between them two. So, could you help me?
Yes, Chenling, as Michael says, safety analysis is the broader concept.
Michael Uebel OK. Then, could I give a name to discribe those two steps together?
A hazard analysis is generally related to a specific task where you would look at the steps of the task and identify any hazards. Such as changing a lightbulb on an 18 foot ceiling. One hazard would be working at height, falling, electric contact etc...
A safety analysis is a deeper dive and could include many things. It may include building a safety case for an operation whereby you gather all the risks involved in the operation or worksite... it may include building a list of precursors to serious injury commonly present within the organization or an analysis of the operational climate or culture, or perhaps analysing leading or lagging indicators etc. A proper "safety analysis" is much more than a compliance check.
However, it is also possible to do a safety analysis without doing a hazard analysis first. It depends on what paradigma the analysis is based.
Safety Analysis : Analysis/assessment of safety measures taken to mitigate risk/hazards. This will flow from the findings of Hazards analysis. It will provide gaps wrt to safety measures taken
Hazards Analysis: Hazards analysis is analysis/assessment of exiting hazards. This will provide information about existing hazards- both quantitative and qualitative so to enable to take safety measures accordingly.
In my opinion, we can use the analogue from ISO 31000 diagram for risk management process:
(Safety management process)
Safety Assessment
1. Hazard identification
2. Hazard analysis
3. Safety evaluation (Safety Gap analysis)
Safety measures
Thanks for all your excellent answers. Theodore Vlachos Shailesh Chandrakant Parikh Vincent Steinmetz Murray Ritchie Geoff Taylor Michael Uebel
Theodore Vlachos this is one of the sources that my idea comes from. I think safety analysis' final target and hazard analysis' final taget are the same which is preventing system accident. Thus, safety analysis is a system level activity compoising system hazards and influencing factors outside system, and hazard analysis can be one from system level to component level to think about how the hazards exist in the system. So, I take this confusion just described in this question.
Great discussion, thank you all. My imperfect understanding of this is based in Aviation, where “Safety is defined as the management of risks to an acceptable level. “(ICAO), where “risk” is the product of (hazard) times (probability of occurrence). “Hazard” in turn is an effect that causes injury or substantial property loss. Speeding at 150 miles per hour down a dead-end road would appear to be ridiculously risky....but every runway is a dead-end road,and most large airliners need to reach 150 miles per hour to take-off. So, hazard analysis identifies what failures or operation may cause harm. Risk analysis identifies the probabilities of the hazard occurring, either separately or as a result of a combination of failures, and safety analysis brings it all together to see whether the “ acceptable “ level is being achieved. CAAM technical report 3 and FAA advisory circular AC 39.8 are great resources and can provide a far clearer answer than I can. Cheers
The safety analysis or job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which is focused on integrating accepted safety and health standards (laws & regulations) and best practices into a particular task or jobs. It's aim is to identify potential hazards, whereas hazard analysis is after the hazard/s have been identified and a proactive approach is being taken to prevent injuries and accidents in the workplace, this process is usually done by observing workplace operations, establishing proper work procedures, and ensuring each employee is properly trained, this can be an element of developing a safety and health culture in the working environment.
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