Could anyone tell me the difference between the distribution network and the active distribution network in electric power grid.
Distribution Network deals with the Conventional Distribution System in the Grid whereas Active Distribution Grid involves Distribute Generation too.The Following References will be useful in understanding Active Distribution network,its planning,Control and Active Management.
1. Active Distribution Networks Power Point Presentation by
Nikos Hatziargyriou
Passive distribution networks
• Designed to accept bulk power from transmission system and distribute to customers
• Real time control problem resolved at planning stage
Active distribution networks include local Distributed Generators also.
• Local and coordinated control of voltage, flows and fault levels
ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OPERATION :
Advanced DMS for supervision, control & operational planning
Active & Reactive Power Support (ancillary services)
Islanding & Blackstart capabilities
MicroGrids
Link: http://www.microgrids.eu/micro2000/presentations/21.pdf
2.
Technical and economic impacts of active management on distribution network
Jietan Zhanga, Haozhong Chenga, Chun Wang
Abstract
With the deregulation of energy market and the appeal for environment protection, more and more distributed generation (DG) is embedded in the distribution network. However the approach of connecting DG in most cases is based on a so-called “fit and forget” policy and the capacity of DG is limited rigidly by distribution network operator (DNO) to avoid the negative effects of high level penetration. Therefore active management (AM) is put forward as an effective method to network reinforcement for the connection and operation of DG. In this paper, the concept and principle of AM are introduced, and several indices are proposed to evaluate both technical and economic impacts of AM on distribution network with DG. To simplify the simulation fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm is introduced. The test results on a sample system represent that AM will lead to decrease of power generation of DG, but it can reduce energy losses and improve voltage profile effectively. Furthermore, AM will take great economic incentives to DG developer as well as DNO with reasonable policy.
Keywords
Active management; Distributed generation;Distribution network; Fuzzy C-means clustering
Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061508001026
P.S.
In the Active Distribution Networks (ADNs), Distributed Generations (DGs) are installed beside passive loads. Generally, ADNs consist of Distributed Energy Resourses (DERs) as power sources, not only loads.
Active means distributed generation indeed but controllable loads as well
Physically it is still a radial network but due to DG it behave as a bidirectional power flow network which means power can flow in either direction.
Perhaps the most widely accepted definition of ADNs (probably) provides an additional clarification:
"Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) are distribution networks that have systems in place to control a combination of distributed energy source (generators, loads and storage)."
D'Adamo, Christian; Jupe, Samuel; Abbey, Chad, "Global survey on planning and operation of active distribution networks - Update of CIGRE C6.11 working group activities," in Electricity Distribution - Part 1, 2009. CIRED 2009. 20th International Conference and Exhibition on , vol., no., pp.1-4, 8-11 June 2009
If there is a presence of any active source in the distribution network it is known as active distribution network. The active source can be DG source or battery etc.. So a microgrid is a part of ADN if it makes the distribution network active.
A network is active when is added DG and there is bidirectional power flows in the network. This bidirectional power flows require of flexible and Intelligent control. By definition, a microgrid is an ADN.
Is there any difference between Smart Distribution System and Active Distribution Network (ADN)??
"Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) are distribution networks that have systems in place to control a combination of distributed energy source (generators, loads and storage)."
As already said, active networks in the fist place make it possible to control a large number of sources and loads, and the role of customers in power system operation will increase. Customers will be able to adapt their consumption to network and market conditions and to participate with their distributed sources in the energy market.
The concept of active networks requires substantial changes in the fields of network control, design and operation. The development on the horizontal, physical level of the electrical network and on the level of the information system will enable the implementation of vertical activities – business models, such as: • Demand Side Management / Demand Response (DSM/DR), • Virtual Power Plant (VPP), • ancillary services, • e-mobility infrastructure, etc
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