Cyber-physical systems (CPS) link cyberspace with the physical world through a network of interrelated elements, such as sensors and actuators, robotics, and computational engines. These systems are highly automated, intelligent, and collaborative. CPS examples include energy neutral buildings, zero-fatality highways, and personalized medical devices.
Parallel system (PS) methods are further development and natural extension of control systems and computer—based modeling and simulation，resulting from new and recent advances in computing structure， algorithms， and technology．Parallel system methods might provide effective tools for control and management of complex systems that can not be modeled precisely or experimented repeatedly．
I think CPS is different from Parallel system. Parallel system normally for simultaneous tasks, especially computation, i.e. parallel computing. Parallel computing is used for high performance computing.
CPS on the other hand is bringing together physical system into the cyber space with the help of various emerging and enabling technologies. This is especially for realizing smart systems and infrastructures, autonomous systems, etc. Parallel system may be just a drop in the ocean of CPS.
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