Could anyone explain for me about why normally we are testing the properties of bio-composite collagen/alginate (i.e porosity, tensile measurement and so on) by 3D scaffold (after undergo freezer-dryer) instead of testing those properties by using the composite hydrogel (before undergo freezer-dryer)? What is the limitation if I am using composite hydrogel (collagen/alginate)? Thank you.
The term "composite" refers to the fact that the hydrogel is a "mixture" of two different materials. From material science point of view, we can say the the Collagen/Alginate is a composite hydrogel.
Now, the same hydrogel can be fabricated in different shapes, such as 2D films or 3D shapes such as rectangles, disks etc. So, "3D" refers to the shape of the hydrogel.
From tissue engineering perspective, we need 3D hydrogels as the organs are also 3D which we are ultimately trying to "fabricate" in the lab setting. To support 3D culture, we need 3D micro-environment for cells growth.
I think it is not true that we only test the mechanical properties after freeze drying. I have seen lots of research studies where the characterization of was performed in hydrated form f the hydrogel (and it makes more sense as the hydrogels would normally be in hydrated form for its intended application).
I agree with Rizwan, basically the end product would be applied in in vivo situation and researches have been showed differences in biomaterial and cell behavior on biomaterial in 2D and 3D formats. Of course you can get an idea about the properties of biomaterian in 2D format, such as toxicity, cell adhesion and etc, however, to have a clue for real life 3D investigations are necessary. In addition, it is mostly related to your research and what is the main purpose of making the biomaterials.
The same material (e.g alginate) can be produced in the form of a 3D hydrogel (soft gel matrices) and also as 3D porous scaffolds (via freeze drying, as you mentioned). Both types of materials have been subjected to physical and structural characterizations. It all depends on what your end requirement is. For example, cryogels have open porosity where cells have ample space to attach, proliferate, and migrate about. Hydrogels, on the other hand, can be used to encapsulate cells. In this case, the cells are surrounded all around by a matrix and therefore cannot migrate, or proliferate, unless under special circumstances. There is no limitation of one kind of the material over another, except if you desire special functionalities in your final biomaterial.
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