I advise you to investigate the emotional engagement of students in the learning process in the classroom. You could compare this with their engagement in small groups (inside or outside the classroom), e.g. study groups or homework groups, or to their engagement in online learning. Good luck!

Sorry my english, it is bad.

I'm teaching science 30 years ago in Primary level. One of the most important things it is the possibility that students make their own approach to the question, to the matter, even when in the beginning that manner weren't the way you thought.

Another thing is time. They must have time, thus the matter in class must be designed with care

And materials. In materials science class they should be experienced, objects more scientists better, even in Primary level

If you want any more, my email is [email protected]

I advise to adopt Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS ) for the observation of classroom interaction. I hope certainly integration of technology affects the interaction. Regarding FIACS, you can refer the book, "Analysing teaching behaviour" by Ned A Flanders, published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1970. If u want I can provide u a copy of the observation schedule long with the ground rules given by Flanders. My email address is [email protected]  

Classroom interaction depends mainly on the experience and enthusiasm of the teacher.

The more the classroom teaching is characterized by vitality and activity, diversification of methods, and giving the student a greater role in dialogue and discussion, the more interactive the class will be.