We are using MNDWI, NDWI, VIUPD and several indices to delineate water boundary from non-water features. We try to implement these methods for floods or lakes and try to choose some best threshold methods.
The turbidity, organic and inorganic matter content of the water, and the nature of the atmospheric layer between the sensors and the water body (often influenced by time of the year) and the nature of the surface at the boundary between water and land could introduce challenges. These variables would affect the albedo of the water body and make it more difficult to distinguish. There have been a number of studies utilising bio-optical and radiation transport models to enhance mapping accuracy.