Greetings from Bangkok! Bangkok is an amazing city in many ways, but it suffers from several issues regarding landscape. There is relatively little green space, and the maintenance of parks and structures is very difficult in the tropics. Accessibility is a major issue (uneven pavements, slippery tiles, etc.), as is safety (unsound storm drains, etc.). In addition to the expected pigeons and rats, street dogs and monitor lizards overrun public parks.

https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1720159/make-bangkok-disabled-friendly

https://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/advanced/1091212/lumpini-park-lizard-removal-nets-40

I hope this helps! Best of luck on your dissertation.

Architectural trends are currently formed not only taking into account the landscape, soil characteristics, and appearance of existing buildings. They develop in close connection with a number of features inherent in such an ambiguous phenomenon as a megapolis.

Transport and traffic problems.

With the growing number of vehicles, there is a need to reconstruct urban roads and transform related services. We need to solve the problems of traffic jams, ground and underground Parking, gas stations, and service stations.

There were times when in the USSR there were 20 cars per 1000 inhabitants, whereas in Chicago at that time this figure was 800 cars. In the West, megacities grew and developed under capitalism, and they had a lot of time to prepare for the planning problems of cities. We have changed the system of government, and the time for redevelopment and reconstruction of megacities for other needs was very short.

The outdated structure of the underground

Of course, the design and maintenance of the old metro in the megacities of the West is quite poor compared to the Moscow metro. But in many countries, new subway stations are already being built with multi-storey buildings and a very developed functional infrastructure, when a person can perform a lot of actions that occur daily without leaving the subway.

Unfortunately, there is no such thing in Moscow. Yes, the capital's single-storey metro is popular with foreigners. But it is important to understand that this is not an exhibit that people come to admire, it is an important structure of the city. Therefore, it requires special, functional architectural solutions aimed not only at the convenience of movement of people, but also to provide a number of additional functions. For example, so that you can make purchases, pay bills, and so on without going to the surface.

Lack of a city-forming factor

The problem with any large city is that it has to "feed"itself. In urban planning, there is such a term as" city-forming factor": when an enterprise was first built, and a city was gradually formed around it.

At the moment, the industry is being actively withdrawn from Moscow, and the capital is turning into a city that does not produce anything, trade and financial organizations do not count. As the experience of generations shows, such education can not stay afloat for long. There must be production in the capital, but only high – tech production-that is, production that is beyond the capacity of provincial cities.

Where to find solutions to problems

In past years, design organizations that are engaged in city planning, although they worked under a different system of state structure, had many specialists who understand the issues of city planning. Another thing is that their understanding was rarely translated into reality. The problems of megalopolis and trends in architecture are closely related. And in order for science and art to help improve living conditions in the city, first of all, a professional approach is required, as well as a focus on making thoughtful and verified decisions, the results of which will serve more than one generation of residents.

I always find that the quality of life is directly related to the quality and spatial distribution of green areas, parks etc. I remember from Istanbul, there are large city areas without any green, there is some limited park area close to the sea side but very crowded. Other cities with long tradition like Rome have a history of keeping very old but extremely beautiful parks, and even in still very crowded central areas. Think about the Colosseum, next to it you have wonderful park area. Also close to the vatican area, parks with very nice, very old trees - such a pleasure. Also it is important for cities located in dry semi-arid or even arid areas to have sufficient green belts that will filter dust/ sand from the air, contribute to humidity, reduce wind speed, etc. Finally. also the lovely tradition of leaving sufficient areas for gardening on an own small ground, as in Vienna or Berlin - this also contributes to quality of life.

Dear professor Alexander Nanni, thank you for your explanatory answer and the article links. These are common problems that Istanbul is also facing, therefore they will help me a lot. Wishing you healthy days.

Dear professor @Zagir Ataev, thank you very much for your detailed explanation and reveal of problems. That will guide me while I will try to describe similar problems. Wishing you healthy days.

Dear professor @Lorenz Hübner, thank you for sharing your experience of Istanbul (my study area) and other big cities. That is a useful comparison for me. Wishing you healthy days.