In tunnels in the flysch formation, when the face is often with similar interelayers beds sandstone and claystone. Hoek-Brown criteria can be used as a homogeneous method to study the behavior of equivalent model, and structural analysis can also be used for these layers.
Is this method correct in flysch formation (in tunnels)? If yes, is it sufficient?
The best way to study a tunnel in a flysch formation with alternating sandstone and shale layers (GSI class 4, according to V. Marinos’ chart) involves a detailed geological and geotechnical assessment. First, perform a thorough site investigation, including core drilling, to map the geological structure and the mechanical properties of both the sandstone and shale layers. Seismic surveys and geophysical techniques can also help to characterize rock mass heterogeneity. Next, use the Geological Strength Index (GSI) to assess the rock mass quality, and apply numerical modeling methods like the Finite Element Method (FEM) or Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate the tunnel behavior under various stress conditions. Lastly, consider support systems like rock bolts and shotcrete, and closely monitor tunnel deformation during construction to manage the challenges posed by the alternating weak and strong layers in flysch formations.
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