Cleaning activity at clinical waste storage will created wastewater. Then the wastewater must be treated before it can be discharge. What is the best type of treatment should be used.
There are many options for the treatment and disposal of medical waste. Some work best in large facilities appropriate to major hospitals or centralized facilities, and others are best for low to middle income countries. Liquid medical waste is often best treated with chemical disinfection, that"s if the medical waste is aqueous. Microwave radiation is used to treat wastewater sludge and as a heat source to treat medical waste. New water treatment technology has been reported: A pilot plant using Grundfos technology rids a Danish hospital"s wastewater of biological and medicinal residues. The wastewater reclamation involving a process converts waste water into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. This facility is known as Waste water Recovery Facility ( WWRF).. For more details consult https://noharm-global.org -- issues -- global
Obviously the treatment of a given wastewater mostly depends on the characteristic (biological, physical, chemical etc) of the given water. I assume the wastewater from clinical wastes is rich in organic matters and pathogenic MOs. It is therefore advisable to use a combination of flocculation- disinfection; very important to calcine sludge from the flocculation process.
treatment of active carbon or active biochar(Activate according to the type of pollutant) is a effective way.
advance oxidation method ... any schematic diagram or example for the design ?
Advanced oxidation processes AOP's are indeed an effective way to kill germs and degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants in clinical wastewaters.
Unfortunately effective AOP's are terribly expensive to operate if pollutant levels would be higher than about 50 ppm (mg/L).
Instead we apply a far more cost-effective treatment process proven at full scale for similar challenging wastewaters based on advanced activated sludge (AAS) as main biological treatment after adequate pre-treatment, equalisation and conditioning. AAS biodegrades up to 99% of the organic and nitrogen compounds (including recalcitrant ones such as pharmaceuticals) along with at least 90% of the harmful germs.
If needed the residual organics and germs can be removed by an AOP based on ozone O3 and hydrogen peroxide H2O2. This proven AOP is aka peroxone.
I suppose that very efficient solution would be a classical Fenton´s oxidation. The conditions of this reaction are effective for disinfection as well as for degradation of organic pollutants.
Regards
Vit
any standard regulation impose by EPA or any Govt. related agency on spesific parameter from clinical waste water treatment plant
I do not advise incineration because it is forbidden according to the experts of the environment if your goal is to limit pollution and protect the environment
In my opinion, advanced oxidation process is the first recommended technology and incineration could be as an alternative although it has some negative affects and perception.
Yes, i agree@ Abdelnaser Omran for your answer above especially in the major point " advanced oxidation process is the first recommended technology".
Incineration used to be the technique of choice for most clinical wastes and is still extensively used. However, recently developed another treatment methods are becoming progressively popular.
Alternative treatment methods to treat the clinical wastes in municipal facilities:
• Incineration
• Chemical disinfection
• Wet and dry thermal treatment
• Microwave irradiation
• Land disposal
• Inertization
I agree@ Khairi R. Kalash for your answer " Incineration used to be the technique of choice for most clinical wastes and is still extensively used".
The best treatment technique for wastewater generated by clinical waste is purification using chromatography ionic exchange
I didn't work about wastewater from clinical wastes, but in order to understand which process is the best scientifically and economically for treatment, my last paper (free paper at ScienceDirect) is useful as a model (for dyes).
Article Which treatment procedure among electrocoagulation, biologic...
Which treatment procedure among electrocoagulation, biological, adsorption, and bio-adsorption processes performs best in azo dyes removal?
First, select the two main criteria (in my paper dye removal and operating costs), then compare other such as initial costs, aesthetic effects, COD removal and ... via the table. this method is simple and reliable.
Dear Abdul Rahman Mahmud
Wastewater originating from clinical waste would be fully biodegradable and mainly organic similar to wastewater from rendering. After removing coarse solids and fat, we convert most of the organics to biomethane followed by a polishing anoxic-aerobic biotreatment step to remove the residual organics and convert the nitrogen load to inert nitrogen gas (80% in air). In this way we remove 99% of the organics (COD) and 99% of the nitrogen (TN) in the most sustainable way. After full biotreatment, a disinfection step would be recommended before clean water discharge and/or reuse.
Dear Abdul Rahman Mahmud ,
Wastewater originating from clinical waste would be fully biodegradable and mainly organic similar to wastewater from rendering. After removing coarse solids and fat, we convert most of the organics to biomethane followed by a polishing anoxic-aerobic biotreatment step to remove the residual organics and convert the nitrogen load to inert nitrogen gas (80% in air). In this way we remove 99% of the organics (COD) and 99% of the nitrogen (TN) in the most sustainable way. After full biotreatment, a disinfection step would be recommended before clean water discharge and/or reuse.
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