You can use either digestion methods or Colorimetric methods. However digestion methods are very tedious and time taking. if you are working on drinking water, it is preferable to use one of the colorimetric method,Stannous chloride method, which can be use to measure or determine the phosphate level in water sample ranging up to 6 mg/L. if your water samples phosphate level exceed this amount, you can use the
vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method, which can measure up to 20 mg/L.
The following experiment is the most widely used in scientific laboratories:
A simple qualitative method to determine the presence of phosphate ions in a sample is as follows. A small amount of the sample is acidified with concentrated nitric acid to which a little ammonium molybdate is added. The presence of phosphate ions is indicated by the formation of a bright yellow precipitate layer of ammonium phosphomolybdate. This test is also used to detect arsenic, a yellow precipitate being formed.
I recommend you to use the Ascorbic acid method, but take care from the interference. In general don't use any soap containing phosphate to rinse your glassware
There are at least 2-3 spectrophotometric methods in standard methods published by APHA. Choice of method depends on sampling matrix (drinking water, waste water etc) as well as minimum detection limit required.
You have already got valuable information on the topic from many experts. See also the link - Discussion on the same topic. May be useful for you. Regards https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_an_effective_method_to_measure_soluble_phosphate_high_concentration_in_wastewater