I want to control the FHB in wheat and would like to know the best time (stage) to spray the fungicides.
Around flowering of wheat (EC 61-69) and when wheather condition are conducive for fusarium infection. Publications with further details about this factor for FHB management is available in the Internet.
The active ingredient prothioconazole is as far as I know the only commercially availabe fungicide with proven effects on Fusarium head blight in wheat. The timing of fungicide application is critical. Timely application of recommended dozes (which in Norway is 400-800 ml Proline (contains 250 g prothiokonazol per l) per ha) will on average reduce the DON content by 50% in situations with heavy FHB epidemics. But the results vary greatly from experiment to experiment.
To my knowledge, Triazoles are the most effective fungicides. AmongTriazoles to be used in wheat in Italy: Difenoconazole, Tebuconazole and Propiconazole. Also Fludioxinil and Prochloraz may be used. I have not experience on the treatment timing.
PROSARO (prothioconazole+tebuconazole) is the best for the Fusarium head blight control. Aplication time depends on the weather conditions, however, it must be flowering stage. Beginning of the flowering if it is rainy before BBCH stage 59, otherwise in full flowering. In Croatia we use 1 l/ha of PROSARO 250 EC.
Until now, PROSARO (Tebuconazole + Prothioconazole) is known. But efficacy is somewhere around 50-60%. It depends on weather condition as well as the angle of spray. Only spraying over the spike is lowly effective. The spray nozzles needs to be made at some angles directly spraying into the spikelets to get better control.
In winter wheat, a single-well-timed application at early flowering is normally recommended. Actually due better molecules (higher efficiency of control), and a higher cost of the crop (4.62 usd/bushel) a second application during grain filling could be recommended (depending of the economical return of the application). In China, three even four applications are made during the planting cycle of winter wheat. (Yin-Won Lee, personal communication- 2015 Fusarium Laboratory Workshop- Kansas State University)
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