Measurements and analysis have generated a data set, which I want to share with the research community.
The data is a three-dimensional array of numeric values.
Some possible ideas are:
.mat-file (Matlab/octave)
.xml/.json-file (many parsers (python, …))
custom .csv with three delimiters
Are there any guidelines for the documentation and manuals for the files?
It depends on the nature of the data and the software it is to be used with.
In general .csv is a very widespread format that can be read by almost any software and thus might be a good choice.
If you have huge datasets, a binary file format would be preferable though. Do you have 3D point cloud data? In this case you could use the binary ply file format. See:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLY_(file_format)
I would agree with Tim Golla on .csv. It very much depends on who the main audience is. I would include NetCDF and/or HDF for scientific purposes. For large unstructured 3D point clouds LAS is more common.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/306d/4932b20a5ef616a2d6fec6fc60d2f37aa757.pdf
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dd15/3ebd44a07dde2259c22d43bb9cd18db44d2a.pdf
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-8599/2019/4/M1087/s4
https://www.asensar.com/article/basics/cad-file-formats-and-standards.html
Article VEGA: A versatile program to convert, handle and visualize m...
Related to your query, I would like to suggest you https://all3dp.com/1/3d-printer-file-format/
https://gisgeography.com/gis-formats/
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