I tried differents strategies to deposit CZTSe by electrodeposition one step, but sometimes layers are brown and powdery, sometimes smooth, gray and shiny. I need to know how to recognize the good one before caracterization techniques.
If it's possible to have a photography.Thanks
First of all, I should know your substrate material and deposition method.Without these, I cannot help properly. Thanks in advance
I work on FTO/glass.
and as a first strategy, I used (CuSO4·5H2O), (ZnSO4·6H2O), (SnCl4·5H2O), (SeO2) and trisodium citrate dehydrate as stabilizing agent. The pH was adjusted of 1.6-2.0 by sulfuric acid (Meng Mingming et al).
while in the second strategy, I used, (CuSO4), (ZnSO4), (SnCl4), (H2SeO3), (Na2S2O3) and tri-sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) and tartaric acid (C4H6O6) as complexing agents (Tung-Cheng Liu et al).
Thanks for your interest
The brown layer indicates that the Cu content is high. The electrolyte should be clear before the elctrodeposition. The good as-deposited thin film should be continous and smooth. The good one should be black.
Thank you Aiyue Tang, Your reply is very useful.
so to test the effect of copper, I worked recently with the same electrolyte at 0.005M of copper and by variation of potential.
I found that at potential between -1.15V to -1.0V films are dark brown continous and matte. but at -0.75V to -0.55V films are dark gray and shiny.
So I suppose that there are other explanations ?
All the main salts could not be co-electrodeposited at a relative positive potential range such as -0.75V--0.55V. The Cu content which I referred to is the thin film chemical composition. The differences on the appearence is caused by the variation of chemical composition of the thin film, not the chemical composition of main salts in electrolyte.
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