Dear Diego,

I hope these references can help you:

- Théry-Parisot, I., Costamagno, S., Brugal, J. P., Fosse, P., & Guilbert, R. (2005). The use of bone as fuel during the Palaeolithic, experimental study of bone combustible properties.

- Yravedra, J., Baena, J., Arrizabalaga, A., & Iriarte, M. J. (2005). El empleo de material óseo como combustible durante el Paleolítico Medio y Superior en el Cantábrico. Observaciones experimentales. Museo de Altamira. Monografías, 20, 369-383.

- Yravedra, J., Álvarez-Alonso, D., Estaca-Gómez, V., López-Cisneros, P., Arrizabalaga, Á., Elorza, M., ... & Uzquiano, P. (2016). New evidence of bones used as fuel in the Gravettian level at Coímbre cave, northern Iberian Peninsula. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 1-16.

Best regards,

María

Dear María,

thank you very much, I'll look for these papers.

Diego

Dear Diego,

For experimental, micromorphological and chemical analysis on palaeolithic hearths you can also take a look on Mathieu Lejay's publications at the following link : https://univ-tlse2.academia.edu/MathieuLejay

or at Carolina Mallol profile : https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carolina_Mallol/contributions

All the best,

Marianne

Hi Diego

Maybe this will be useful:

M. D. Bosch, P. R. Nigst, F. A. Fladerer, W. Antl-Weiser 2012; Humans, bones and fire: Zooarchaeological, taphonomic, and spatial analyses of a Gravettian mammoth bone accumulation at Grub-Kranawetberg (Austria), "Quaternary International", 252: 109-121.

http://www.eva.mpg.de/evolution/pdf/Bosch%202012%20Quaternary%20International.pdf

Best Regards

Maciej Wawrzczak

Hi Diego,

this reference can help you:

Costamagno S., Théry-Parisot I., Kuntz D., Bon F., Mensan R., 2010. Taphonomic Impact of Prolonged Combustion on Bones Used as Fuel. In Théry-Parisot I., Chabal L., Costamagno S. (eds.), The taphonomy of Burned Organic Residues and Combustion Features in Archaeological Contexts, Proceedings of the round table, May 27-29 2008, CEPAM, P@lethnology, 2, pp. 169-183.

You can find also others contributions in the complete pubblication of this roundtable

“The taphonomy of burned organic residues and combustion features in archaeological contexts”, held on May 27-29, 2008 (CEPAM).

Publication link:  http://blogs.univ-tlse2.fr/palethnologie/en/2010-revue/

Carlo

Hi Diego, we have worked with this issue and have some contributions concerning sites of Labeko Koba, Esquilleu, and Coímbre, the three of them in the Cantabrian Region. To our view, this is a good option for very cold stages without arboreal coverture. Greetings,

Hi Diego, happy new Year!

Please find Bosch et al. (2012) attached. I hope it helps.

Beijos

Sónia

And yet another reference:

Crass, B.; Kedrowski,B.L.; Baus, J.; Behm, J. 2011. Residue Analysis of Bone-Fueled Pleistocene Hearths. In T.Goebel, I.Buvit. (eds.) From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in late Pleistocene/early Holocene Beringia. College Station: Texas A&M University Press: 192-198. ISBN 978-1-60344-321-0

Dear Diego the best reference of use of bone as fuel is in the works of Thery-Parissot and Sadrine Costamagno. I have made some small papers, In those works you can find enough bibliography

. Yravedra, J. & Uzquiano, P. 2013. Burnt bone assemblages from El Esquilleu cave (Cantabria, Northern Spain): deliberate use for fuel or systematic disposal of organic waste?. Quaternary Science Reviews 68 (2013) 175-190

Paloma Uzquianoa.; José Yravedrab; Blanca Ruiz Zapatac; Mª. José Gil Garciac; Carmen Sesé.D; Javier Baena. 2012. Human behaviour and adaptations to MIS 3 environmental trends (>53-30 ka BP) at Esquilleu cave (Cantabria, northern Spain). Quaternary International Volume 252, 27, Pages 82-89

Yravedra, J.; Álvarez-Alonso, D.; Estaca, V.; López Cisneros, P., Arrizabalaga, A.; Elorza, M.; Iriarte, Mª. J.; Jordá J. F.; Sesé, C.; Uzquiano, P. 2016. New evidence of bones used as fuel in the Gravettian level at Coímbre cave, northern Iberian Peninsula. Archaeological Anthropological Science. DOI 10.1007/s12520-016-0317-0

José Yravedra Sainz de los Terreros; Baena Preysler J.; Arrizabalaga A.; & Iriarte Mª!J. 2005. El empleo de material óseo como combustible durante el Paleolítico Medio y Superior en el Cantábrico. Observaciones experimentales. En Neandertales cantábricos estado de la cuestión. Neandertales cantábricos estado de la cuestión. Mesa de Trabajo. El Paleolítico Medio cantábrico: Hacia una revisión actualizada de su problemática. 20-22 de Octubre 2004. Monografías del Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigación de Altamira nº 20. Museo de Altamira. Samtillana del Mar, Cantabria, España. 369-383. I.S.B.N. 84-8181-270-6

New evidence of bones used as fuel in the Gravettian level

at Coímbre cave, northern Iberian Peninsula

José Yravedra1 & David Álvarez-Alonso2 & Verónica Estaca-Gómez1 &

Pablo López-Cisneros1 & Álvaro Arrizabalaga3 & Mikelo Elorza5 & Ma. José Iriarte3 &

Jesús F. Jordá Pardo2 & Carmen Sesé4 & Paloma Uzquiano2. Archaeol Anthropol Sci

DOI 10.1007/s12520-016-0317-0

Human behaviour and adaptations to MIS 3 environmental trends

(>53e30 ka BP) at Esquilleu cave (Cantabria, northern Spain)

Paloma Uzquiano a,*, José Yravedra b, Blanca Ruiz Zapata c, Ma. José Gil Garcia c, Carmen Sesé d, Javier Baena e. Quaternary International 252 (2012) 82-89

Burnt bone assemblages from El Esquilleu cave (Cantabria, Northern Spain):

deliberate use for fuel or systematic disposal of organic waste?

J. Yravedra a,*, P. Uzquiano b. Quaternary Science Reviews 68 (2013) 175-190

El empleo de material óseo como combustible durante el Paleolítico Medio y Superior en el Cantábrico.Observaciones experimentales. José YRAVEDRA, Javier BAENA, Álvaro ARRIZABALAGA, María José IRIARTE.  Museo de Altamira. MONOGRAFÍAS nº 20: 369-383. 2005. Santander

La question des os brule dans le site du Palaeolithique. Un programme d' archeologie experimentale en taphonomie.

I Thery-Parisot, S Costamagno, JP Brugal, JC Castel, M Gerbe, L Bouby, R Guilbert, Le Nouvelles d'archeologie, 118, 2009

COSTAMAGNO, S., et al. Bone a fuel source: the effects of initial fragment size distribution. Gestion des combustibles au paléolithique et au mésolithique. BAR International Series, 1914, p. 65-84.

Gabucio, M. J., Cáceres, I., Rosell, J., Saladié, P., & Vallverdú, J. (2014). From small bone fragments to Neanderthal activity areas: The case of Level O of the Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelona, Spain). Quaternary International, 330, 36-51.

Hi Diego,

This is an example from an open-air site in east Austria, Krems-Wachtberg, where a multi-phased hearth contains both large amounts of charcoal and charred bones. The paper discusses a range of possibilities which can explain the occurrence of burnt bones:

Fladerer, F., Salcher-Jedrasiak, T., Händel, M. Hearth-side bone assemblages within the 27 ka BP Krems-Wachtberg settlement: fired ribs and the mammoth bone grease hypothesis. Quaternary International (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.030.

Best wishes,

Marc

I would like to thank all friends and colleagues who gave useful information and references on the use of bone as a fuel.

I see there is a lot of research going on on this subject – much more than I expected – and very interesting experimental results – congratulations to the colleagues who undertook them.

Thanks and all the best,

Diego E. Angelucci