The other day i saw a picture of a galaxy inside galaxy. I can create a galaxy through a radar graph but couldn't in creating a galaxy inside galaxy. Is there any theory to support this phenomenon?
https://www.freeastroscience.com/2023/03/astronomers-discover-weird-object-in.html?m=1
Rumani Dey It is a most interesting question to try to figure out how such an object could form.
Here is my view on the formation of spiral galaxies in general which explains the cause of the rotation and the formation of the spiral arms:
Presentation The Formation of Spiral Galaxies
My first thought was that there could be some mechanism similar to the formation of a barred spiral but for some reason the radial bars are not formed. However the enclosing ring of stars seems too symmetrical and continuous for this explanation. It remains a puzzle.
Richard
Thank you @Richard Lewis for putting your viewpoint here and sparing time for the same. I have some very interesting observations in radar charts. Right from pyramids to galaxy formation using numbers.
There is nothing mysterious about this object. It is so-called ring galaxy. It's formation is well understood and has been reproduced in many simulations. It forms during a certain configuration of galaxy merger, during which debris of one galaxy is pushed to form such a ring. There are other proposed mechanisms as well. See for example the basic Wikipedia article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_galaxy
Just to clarify one point - I wouldn't call this a galaxy inside a galaxy. They share the same dark matter halo, so it is a single galaxy, which is composed of two distinctive parts. But this is just semantics I believe.
I too believe its not a galaxy inside a galaxy. But without proof, i should not claim this. When you create this in a radar graph, you have one centroid. How can you create centroid inside a centroid or two centroids ? But owing to the fact that the galaxy is a 3D object whereas radar graphs are merely 1dimensional charts, we would not be accurate. So, we need a sphere , a spherical configuration might give rise to a galaxy inside a galaxy, who knows?
The ring galaxy in the linked image has been known of for years and years, as well as the mechanism of its formation by another galaxy running head-on into the core of the galaxy in the image, stripping it of most of its gas and causing the shock-wave from the collision to form a ring around the previous core, which now looks like an elliptical galaxy. There are quite a few of these around, and in some cases, the galaxy that ran into the ring galaxy is still close enough to it to tell that it was the culprit. Hoag's Galaxy is unusual, though, in that few ring galaxies have such a perfectly circular ring; usually there is some kind of distortion, and of course if not seen "face-on", as in the case of this galaxy, the circle looks like an ellipse.
Why are you saying it's formation of gas causing an elliptical form ? I mean can you provide me the link to this topic. @Courtney Seligman , thank you for replying.
If its just a formation of gas, how does it become visible through the telescope ? Gases don't carry light.
As said by Michael Michalowski, Hoag object and ring galaxies are well known, since the 1950's. There are different types of ring galaxies though, those with rings resulting from resonances with a central rotating bar, and those, like Hoag's object, resulting from a central collision with another smaller galaxy.
What is particular though in Hoag's object is that within the ring there is another similar ring galaxy in the background. In first approximation, assuming both ring galaxies have equal sizes, the ratio of diameters of the rings indicates the ratio of distances.
By the way, most of the background objects in the linked picture are remote galaxies, not stars. So it is not astonishing that actually several background galaxies can be seen through Hoag's object ring.
What do you mean "Gases don't carry light" ? You surely have seen neon signs, fluorescent lights and, perhaps, aurorae. All are gases at various stages of excitation by high energy photons, or collisions with high velocity particles. The vast majority of the baryonic matter in the universe is ionized gases, also called plasmas, either inside stars or as nebulae. You should read more about this vast subject.
Thank you @Mitchell F. Struble for the information and advice. Will read.
A mistake is like something which doesn't align to some preset behaviour of an entity. Mistakes are a scope to learn. Mistakes create space. A repelling force creates space, maybe. To align things , we need to attract. But divergence of two lines creates space.
I read about Nucleosynthesis theory at Wikipedia. It happened to stars after bigbang. I might be insane at not believing in bigbang theory blindly though let me believe in nucleosynthesis . " A star formed in the early universe produces heavier elements by combining its lighter nuclei – hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron – which were found in the initial composition of the interstellar medium and hence the star. Interstellar gas therefore contains declining abundances of these light elements, which are present only by virtue of their nucleosynthesis during the Big Bang, and also cosmic ray spallation. These lighter elements in the present universe are therefore thought to have been produced through thousands of millions of years of cosmic ray (mostly high-energy proton) mediated breakup of heavier elements in interstellar gas and dust. The fragments of these cosmic-ray collisions include helium-3 and the stable isotopes of the light elements lithium, beryllium, and boron. Carbon was not made in the Big Bang, but was produced later in larger stars via the triple-alpha process." This is what wikipedia says.
Since 1950, nobody questioned Bigbang , is what i understand.
Also I believe , mistakes are the only source to learning. Without mistakes none of us will learn. But i also believe nature is intelligently built in layers . All layers are accessible by the human mind. Thank you for your inputs.
https://www.space.com/hoags-object-perfect-ring-mystery.html#:~:text=Look%20closely%20at%20the%20serpent,Hoag%20discovered%20it%20in%201950.
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