External reinforcement can be accomplished by fixing GFRP or CFRP sheets to the soffit of the beam (flexural strengthening) or the perimeter of the columns and sometimes vertical or inclined strips for shear strengthening. These sheets are fixed to the members by epoxy or any other adhesive material.
Strengthening with FRP composites is certainly more common (as far as I am aware). However, there are some examples of external reinforcement with steel. See this publication: http://www.eng.mu.edu/foleyc/Report_PDFs/Report_MUST-98-1.pdf
The use of FRP has many advantages, particularly in relation to durability as it is not as susceptible as steel to aggressive corrosion and other decay mechanisms. It can also improve the ductility, which is useful in seismic areas.