As obesity is considered root cause of more than 50 diseases, so what is basic cause that changes the lipids to store in different body parts, some of its disease include hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension) and cancer etc. so we want to know the basic anatomy & histology of tissues involved and their pathophysiology,
Obesity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Although the number of fat cells can increase throughout life, individuals with adult-onset obesity in general exhibit increased adipocyte size, whereas individuals with early-onset obesity have both adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Fat distribution also plays an important role in metabolic risk. Increased intra-abdominal/visceral fat (central or apple shaped obesity) promotes a high risk of metabolic disease, whereas increased subcutaneous fat in the thighs and hips (peripheral or pear-shaped obesity) exerts little or no risk.
Ectopic fat may be defined as the accumulation of TG in non-adipose lean tissues having no capacity for fat storage, resulting in organelle, cellular and organ dysfunction. The major sites of ectopic fat storage are skeletal muscles, liver, pancreas, heart, blood vessels and other visceral areas. Ectopic fat may be present in different organs simultaneously, giving rise to widespread metabolic consequences.
Please have a look this review paperS
1. Tracking Obesity to Its Source Stephane Gesta,1,2 Yu-Hua Tseng,1,2 and C. Ronald Kahn Developmental Origin of Fat:131,(2), 19; 2007, 242-256
2. Ghosh S. Ectopic fat: The potential target for obesity management. J Obes Metab Res 2014;1:30-8
3. M. Snel, J. T. Jonker, J. Schoones, et al., “Ectopic Fat and Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiology and Effect of Diet and Lifestyle Interventions,” International Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 2012, Article ID 983814, 18 pages, 2012.
4. Smith U. Abdominal obesity: a marker of ectopic fat accumulation. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2015;125(5):1790-1792.
5. Mittendorfer B. Origins of metabolic complications in obesity: adipose tissue and free fatty acid trafficking. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. 2011;14(6):535-541.
6. Sattar N, Gill JM. Type 2 diabetes as a disease of ectopic fat? BMC Medicine. 2014;12:123.
7. Chan RS., Woo J. Prevention of Overweight and Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2010;7(3):765-783.
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