What is a super vacuum? Is the earth in a vacuum? And what is dark energy?

It has not been proven until today and nature has always applied and proven exceptions and violations in the accepted theories many times in the past. That these were merely human formalisms and experimental artifacts and exploiting the limits of technology, and physical limits and laws are constantly being broken and bent in nature. Hereby we will attempt to show theoretically why and how there is and experimentally evidence in our universe of vacuum space, either in its theoretically idealized absolute form, thus free space or the partial vacuum that characterizes the vacuum of QED or QCD. And its zero-point energy and oscillations may actually be the greatest proof in nature for super energy.

It is possible without violating causation. that the apparent effect of "nothing" of vacuum space may be evidence for it

superluminocity and all this time it was hidden right in front of us. We are here trying to answer a fundamental question of physics, why the vacuum is basically space to us looks like nothing on the assumption that "nothing" exists in nature, and why a hypothetical superluminous vibration, a particle the size of Planck creates apparent nothingness in our spacetime. The novelty of the research here infers that free space is dark energy and that superluminous energy.

Stam Nicolis added a reply:

(1) Depends what is meant by ``super vacuum''. The words must, first, be defined, before questions can be asked. As it stands, it doesn't mean anything.

(2) To a good approximation the earth is moving around the Sun in a vacuum, i.e. its motion can be described by Newtonian mechanics, where the only bodies are the Earth and the Sun and the force between them is Newton's force of gravitation.

(3) Dark energy is the property of space and time that describes the fact that the Universe isn't, simply, expanding, but that this expansion is accelerating. To detect its effects it's necessary to measure the motion of bodies outside our galaxy.

To understand all this it's necessary to study classical mechanics-that leads to understanding the answer to the second question-and general relativity-in order to understand the answer to the third

László Attila Horváth added a reply:

Dear Abbas Kashani ,

The graviton - which creates or capture elementary X-rays and gamma rays- , by itself, it can be considered almost like a super vacuum.

Sergey Shevchenko added a reply:

What are rather numerous, and really strange, “vacuums” in mainstream physics, and what are two real vacuums is explained in the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s Planck scale informational physical model , 3 main papers are

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354418793_The_Informational_Conception_and_the_Base_of_Physics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367397025_The_Informational_Physical_Model_and_Fundamental_Problems_in_Physicssection 6. “Mediation of the fundamental forces in complex systems”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369357747_The_informational_model_-Nuclear_Force.

The first vacuum is the Matter’s fundamentally absolute, fundamentally flat, fundamentally continuous, and fundamentally “Cartesian”, (at least) [4+4+1]4D spacetime with metrics (at least) (cτ,X,Y,Z, g,w,e,s,ct), which is the actualization of the Logos set elements “Space” and “Time” [what are “Logos” set, “Space” and “Time” see first pages in 1-st or 2-nd links] at creation and existence of a concrete informational system “Matter”,

- i.e. this vacuum is a logical possibility for/of Matter’s existence and evolving, and so is by definition nothing else than some fundamentally “empty container” , i.e. is “real/absolute” vacuum.

The second vacuum, which can be indeed rationally called “physical vacuum”, is the Matter’s ultimate base – the (at least) [4+4+1]4D dense lattice of primary elementary logical structures – (at least) [4+4+1]4D binary reversible fundamental logical elements [FLE], which is placed in the Matter’s spacetime above;

- while all matter in Matter, i.e. all particles, fields, stars, galaxies, etc., are only disturbances in the lattice, that were/are created at impacts on some the lattice’s FLE. At that it looks as rather rational scientifically to assume, that such vacuum really existed – that was the initial version of the lattice that was created/formed at the “inflation epoch”, more see the SS&VT initial cosmological model in section “Cosmology” in 2-nd link.

After this initial lattice version was created, in the lattice a huge portion of energy was pumped uniformly globally [and non-uniformly locally], what resulted in Matter’s “matter” creation, which we observe now.

Since all disturbances always and constantly move in the lattice with 4D speeds of light, now can be only some “local physical vacuums”, etc.;

- though that is really quite inessential – the notion “physical vacuum” is completely useless and even wrong, since the really scientifically defined FLE lattice is completely enough at description n and analysis of everything that exists and happens in Matter. The introduced in mainstream physics “vacuums” really are nothing else than some transcendent/mystic/fantastic mental constructions that exist in mainstream physics because of in the mainstream all fundamental phenomena/notions, including “Matter”, “Space/space”, “Time/time” are fundamentally transcendent/uncertain/irrational,

- while these, and not only, really fundamental phenomena/notions can be, and are, really rigorously scientifically defined only in framework of the SS&VT philosophical 2007 “The Information as Absolute” conception, recent version of the basic paper see

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363645560_The_Information_as_Absolute_-_2022_ed

- the SS&VT physical model is based on which.

More see the links above, a couple of SS posts in

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_concept_of_quantized_vacuum_And_what_is_the_role_of_gravity_in_nature_And_what_is_the_relationship_between_dark_energy_and_quantum_gravi are relevant in this case also.

Abderrahman el Boukili added a reply:

Super vacuum, in my view, is just the vacuum itself, that is, the channel through which the universe of particles and anti-particles intersects.

Courtney Seligman added a reply:

For all practical purposes, the Earth is moving through a vacuum as it orbits the Sun, as there is so little of anything in any given place that only the most sensitive instruments could tell that there was anything there. But there are microscopic pieces of stuff that used to be inside asteroids or comets, and pieces of atoms blown out of the Sun as the Solar Wind, and cosmic rays that manage to get through the Sun's "heliosphere" and run into anything that happens to be in their way. So though the essentially empty space around the Earth would qualify as a vacuum by any historical standard, it isn't an absolutely perfect vacuum. And I suppose a "super vacuum" would be a region where there isn't anything at all, including not only matter, but also any form of energy (which has a mass equivalence of sorts, per Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity); and if so, then "super vacuums" do not exist.

Harri Shore added a reply:

The concepts you're exploring—super vacuum, dark energy, and the nature of the vacuum in quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD)—touch on some of the most profound and speculative areas in modern physics. Let's break down these concepts to provide clarity and context for your inquiry.

Super Vacuum

The term "super vacuum" is not widely used in mainstream physics literature but could be interpreted to mean an idealized vacuum state that is more "empty" than what is typically considered achievable, even beyond the vacuum state described by quantum field theories. In standard quantum field theories, a vacuum is not truly empty but seethes with virtual particles and fluctuates due to quantum uncertainties, known as zero-point energy.

Is the Earth in a Vacuum?

The Earth is not in a vacuum but is surrounded by its atmosphere, a thin layer of gases that envelops the planet. However, outer space, which begins just beyond the Earth's atmosphere, is often described as a vacuum. This is because outer space contains far fewer particles than the Earth's atmosphere, making it a near-vacuum by comparison. It's important to note that even the vacuum of outer space is not completely empty but contains low densities of particles, electromagnetic fields, and cosmic radiation.

Dark Energy

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe. It is one of the greatest mysteries in modern cosmology, making up about 68% of the universe's total energy content according to current observations. The exact nature of dark energy is still unknown, but it is thought to be responsible for the observed acceleration in the expansion rate of the universe since its discovery in the late 1990s through observations of distant supernovae.

Vacuum Energy and Superluminosity

Vacuum energy refers to the energy that exists in space due to fluctuations of the quantum fields, even in the absence of any particles or radiation. It is a manifestation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, which allows for the temporary creation of particle-antiparticle pairs from "nothing."

The concept of superluminosity or superluminal phenomena (faster-than-light phenomena) is speculative and not supported by current mainstream physics, as it would violate the principle of causality, a cornerstone of the theory of relativity. However, there have been theoretical explorations of conditions under which apparent superluminal effects could occur without violating causality, such as in the context of quantum tunneling or warp drives in general relativity.

Vacuum Space as Evidence of Superluminous Energy

Your hypothesis suggests that vacuum space or "nothingness" might be evidence of a superluminous energy or vibration at the Planck scale that creates the apparent emptiness of space. This is a speculative notion that would require new theoretical frameworks beyond the standard model of particle physics and general relativity. It also implies that dark energy, the force behind the universe's accelerated expansion, could be related to this superluminous vacuum energy.

While current physical theories and experimental evidence do not support the existence of superluminous phenomena or energies, the history of science shows that our understanding of the universe is constantly evolving. Theoretical proposals that challenge existing paradigms are valuable for pushing the boundaries of our knowledge and prompting new avenues of experimental and theoretical investigation. However, any new theory that proposes mechanisms beyond established physics must be rigorously tested and validated against empirical evidence.

Courtney Seligman added a reply:

1. A vacuum is a region of space with no matter; a super vacuum could be defined in one of two ways, depending on whether it is a concept, or a description of current technology. In the first instance, it with be a region of space with neither matter nor energy (in which case, unless an extremely small region, it does not exist, because any part of space big enough to see without a microscope would at least have light of some sort passing through it (e.g., at least the Cosmic Background Radiation). In the second instance, it could be used to describe a "laboratory" vacuum which has far less matter in it than any previously created laboratory vacuum.

2. The Earth is in a region that is essentially a vacuum, because most of the space between the planets has practically nothing in it at any given time. However, there are cosmic rays and the Solar Wind everywhere, so though merely pieces of atoms, there is some stuff everywhere in space; but the amount is so small that for all "practical" purposes, it is a vacuum.

3. Dark energy is a fiction created by cosmologists to explain why, despite having too little mass for the gravity of that mass to fight the tendency of empty space to expand (per Einstein's General Theory of Gravity), the geometry of the Observable Universe is "flat", which would require something to add up to 100% of the "critical mass" of the Universe, and since visible and unobservable ("dark") matter makes up at most 27% of the critical mass, cosmologists created the concept of dark energy to make up the remaining 73%. However, there is no need to presume that the Universe is flat. Just as the Earth is a globe but looks essentially flat (on the average, and particularly at sea) because you can't see enough of it to see its real shape, the Universe is actually what is called "hyperbolic" in shape, which is exactly what you would expect if its mass is less than the "critical" mass. However, almost all cosmologists are convinced by various characteristics of the Observable Universe that the "real" Universe is at least 1000's and perhaps 10 to the 1000's of times bigger than what we can see, what we can see is too small to see its real shape, so it just looks "flat". Since by definition we can't see anything but the "Observable" Universe, we will never be able to see the true shape of the Universe; so "dark energy" will remain a "useful" fiction for calculation purposes for the foreseeable (if not infinite) future; but I am certain that we will never figure out what it is, because it doesn't exist. (Having been both a mathematician and a professional astronomer, I can assure you that even when something like "dark energy" doesn't exist in real life, creating a mathematical model that includes it, in order to make the math work right, is considered perfectly OK by professional mathematicians.)

Sergio Perez Felipe added a reply:

Introduction The ‘Theory of Everything’ is a hypothetical theory of physics that explains and connects all known physical phenomena into one. There is a possible solution to the origin of gravity force, postulating it as angular piece of this theory, this solution erases gravity as one of the fundamental forces of nature and unifies it with strong nuclear force. Let’s analyze the forces that occur in the universe transforming string theory. It allows to explain many physical behaviors that without its existence would be practically impossible to understand, even so, these strings have not been able to be discovered and are only that, a theory that serves as an important support to the world of physics. One of the best known theoretical applications about them is how their vibration can provoke the creation of matter, but this is not about theories already written, we are going to place these strings in a simpler way to answer some doubts in subatomic world. This theory uses 4 dimensions in space and a behavior as one dimension in strings with superconducting capacities. Like an elastic band between V-shaped sticks where the elastic band slides down, the strong nuclear force, forces these strings to bend to fall dawn.

It’s not directly related to electromagnetism. . Actors . String Theory String theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by onedimensional objects called strings. Each string that we cross would be the minimum distance that can be traversed during a displacement. We can note two important qualities of strings: Distance to the most distant object detected by the human being is more than 30 billion light years, that means there are beams of light which are able to travel that distance without decreasing its speed (they modify only its wavelength). Like light, an object can move into space for a practically unlimited period, as long as it doesn’t find a force to stop it. If strings exist, they act as a superconductor of matter with a resistance near 0. In order to generate waves it’s easier into a strongly linked structure. Gravitational waves behave like ocean waves which are similar to an uptight net, these tensions can be decomposed as one-dimensional structure for its study. Strings, at same time, could be one or zero-dimensional, like points under extreme bound forces, think about them as something tenser than any cable that holds the heaviest bridge in the world. The new framework we have drawn would be a set of extremely tense strings, with a practically infinite matter conduction capacity. Remember we are moving into universe at a stimated speed of 600km/sc. Strong Nuclear Force Strong nuclear force is another variable. This force allows the atomic nucleus to remain together, being the strongest of the so-called fundamental interactions (gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear). Gluon is in charge of this interaction, it has a scope not greater than 10 to the power of -15 meters, preventing matter to separate by a constant attraction force between quarks of maximum 10.000 N (F). This real picture illustrates the three dimensional structure of gluon-field configurations, describing the vacuum properties. The volume of the box is 2,4 by 2,4 by 3,6 fm.Contrary to the concept of an empty vacuum, this induces chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fields in its lowest energy state. The frame rate into this example is billions of billions frames per second (FPS). Superconducting String Theory (SST): Fundamentals: superconductor of matter interacting with a force that makes that matter hold together, but, how can they interact with each other? The most simple is to think about two V-shaped sticks (simulating the strings), and an elastic band that tight them at the most opened side (it would simulate the gluon, with size 10 to the power of -15 meters). If sticks are sufficiently lubricated and tense, what does the elastic band do? It will slide to the thinnest side. More elastic bands, more force will be exerted on the sticks to join them, so next bands will slide even faster (equally, more mass causes more attraction). We are talking about unknown limits in known world, such as infinite conduction or tensions never seen in materials. Suddenly, we have erased one of the fundamental forces of nature, gravity force doesn’t really exist, exists the strong nuclear force interacting with strings. this theory ‘Superconducting String Theory (SST)’. Calculations: Apply formulas from inclined planes (Newton’s second law). Simulation is in horizontal direction. Friction is imperceptible and acceleration down the plane is matched with gravity acceleration in our planet. Vertical force is not gravity force, it is gluon force, which values ares estimated, so we keep force 10.000 N (F1) and mass 0,0002 eV/c2 (m2). It can be considered vertical angle, but it’s depreciable.Dark energy and universe’s expansion. The behaviuor of the strings implies to have any kind of polaritation to expand, at least, strong enough to avoid get closer and restablish its structure after any contraction. This strength propagates over long distances.Gravitational constant (G = 6,67408 × 10−11 m3 kg-1s -2) and its problem to measure with high accuracy since it can be related to the density exposed. Schrödinger equation, to describe how the quantum state of a quantum system changes with time, similar to Newton's second law. Planck's length (1,616229 × 10-35 m) which can indicate the distance between strings. Gluon size and its larger size far from earth. Black holes.and .....

Sergio Perez Felipe added a reply:

You can try my theory, is 50% strong force, 50% quantum vacuum.

It's really easy, it simplifies many ideas because I don't use dimensions and I use simple maths to explain all fundamental forces.