In 1994, a string theorist named Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Study and other important researchers considered that the five different versions of string theory might be describing the same thing seen from different perspectives. They proposed a unifying theory called M-theory, in which the M is not specifically defined, but is generally understood to stand for membrane.
p-brane is a p-dimensional extended object moving through a D-dimensional space-time sweeping out a (p+1)-dimensional world-volume. It is necessary that p
The 5 string classes are actually a energy spectrum transforming from the Planck closed I class to the heterotic 64 class via specific energy transformations of primordial brane parameters via the selfdual monopole class IIb and the heterotic 32 class and the IIa (cosmic ray) class. The key criteria in M-theory is that the string/brane epoch preceded the thermodynamic Quantum Big Bang until the heterotic 64 parameters created the initial wormhole singularity, which can be considered a 'massless' extremal Black Hole 'Strominger' singularity.
The Quantum Big Bang in the Weyl String and Supermembrane EpsEss
http://www.cosmosdawn.net/forum/index.php?threads/the-quantum-big-bang-in-the-weyl-string-and-supermembrane-epsess.886/
A brane generalizes the notion of a point particle. A point is a 0-brane, a string is a 1-brane. Branes follow rules of quantum mechanics. A key attribute is the brane tension T, which is energy per unit volume. For a 0-brane T is just it's mass.
A p-brane is an object which occupies a p dimensional volume. Ocean surface on earth may be viewed as a 2-brane propagating in 3+1 dimensional space-time. Propagation of a p-brane is a map
Φ: W → M,
where W is a p+1 dimensional manifold and M is a space-time in which p-brane is propagating.
M is called the target space and Φ(W) is called the world volume.
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