There are already a great many such incentives, including government support for rooftop solar, electric cars, CO2 free energy production, tax o similar credits for wind and other renewables, government payments for renewable transportation fuels, 45Q tax credits, etc. You may be primarily asking what are the most effective economic incentives to provide. Here are a few thoughts, all of them probably controversial:

If you want to spread the societal cost across the most people, it probably makes more sense to establish a portfolio standard than a tax credit. Less than half of the US population pays any tax and many of those who do could not take advantage of most of the tax credits offered, so the population you are incentivizing is quite small. If you have a portfolio standard, the energy suppliers are obliged to meet the standard, which will generally increase their costs and all of our bills, but there are many more utility bill payers than there are taxpayers.

I have worked for over 40 years in the energy industry and would have to say that most incentives I have seen end up being hijacked by people who find ways to get the payment without accomplishing the goal of the incentive. Some of best outcomes have been the result of getting the broader marketplace engaged in meeting a non-corruptible goal. Examples of doing so were creating tradable pollution credits, where companies could either pay for the right to emit pollution (NOx for example) or could reduce their NOx emissions and sell a portion of that reduction to others. This was one of the most rapid and cost-effective pollution abatement programs we have ever had. It, like most things these days it seems, became politicized and has become victim of sloganeering by politicians, but it was and still is one of the most effective ways to address environmental issues. I believe the cost of NOx abatement decreased by about 90% when the problem shifted from compliance with prescribed technology to this market-driven approach.

One of the challenges with renewables is that the problem is so large and the effect of any one individual so small that most people become overwhelmed and think there is nothing they can do. If, instead of talking about the global problem, we focus on the portion of that problem attributable to an individual and what choices an individual can make people are more likely to change behavior . For example, most people who travel by air, especially intercontinentally, would be quite surprised to see how large air travel contributes to their personal CO2 emission. Similarly, in many cases energy conservation is both more cost effective and easier than other energy programs. For example, the incremental improvement in carpooling with just one other person is significantly larger than the improvement associated with expanding mass transit (though both are usually good moves). Finally, things like space heating/cooling and better local energy management make a large difference. There is no need to heat or cool areas when they are unoccupied for long time periods.

To promote renewable energy adoption among businesses and individuals, several economic incentives can be implemented. These incentives aim to make renewable energy technologies more attractive, competitive, and financially viable compared to traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources. Here are some key economic incentives:

By implementing these economic incentives, governments, policymakers, and stakeholders can foster a favorable environment for renewable energy adoption, accelerate the transition towards cleaner energy sources, and achieve climate mitigation goals effectively. These incentives not only support economic growth and job creation in the renewable energy sector but also contribute to environmental sustainability and energy security on a global scale.