Today I came across a different data center containing thousands of servers, like OVH from Europe containing more than 1 million physical servers spreaded over 8 DCs. So what actually do these servers consists of, in terms of hardware and software.
It depends on what the datacentre hosts - either Application or Data .
Generally, A DataCenter contain Highly configured Servers [RAM inorder''s of TB, CPU'S like 50 CPU'S], Huge disks [ 1 TB - How ever this is less when compared to big data centres], Many routers,Switches,Patch Chords Cooling Systems - [Monitoring& Alerting], Power Monitoring Systems, CCTV Cameras,SAN ,NAS Boxes,
Mostly the Server' s Console will be made available via KVM.
Software again its upto what they host - I have seen some DC's where they run many flavours of linux such as CentOS, RedHat, Debian, Even Solaris.Windows etc.
DC's will be equipped with High power Air Conditioner,Smoke Detectors, Fire Extinguishers, and All the servers equipped with Thermal Calibration etc.
If more applications are to be hosted, No. of Servers will be more.
If its only for Storage, Servers will be less and Storage solutions such as SAN, NAS, DISKS etc. will be more.