Now that election results in Spain are known, do you think there will be a change in Spanish policy, and what will be the effect on European countries and the rest of the world.
I would not expect many changes. The government will be probably a minority cabinet with the Socialist Party. In Spain, it has been common 1977-1979, 1979-1982, 1993-1996, 1996-2000, 2004-2008, 2008-2011 and 2016-2019. Actually, there have not been coalition governments. The rest of omitted periods correspond to situations of absolute majority (1982-1986, 1986-1989, 1989-1993, 2000-2004 and 2011-2015). Portugal has a minority government right now. In Scandinavia, coalition governments (with cabinets integrating members of different parties) have been relatively common.