What is the meaning of 'grain boundary grooving' in solidification of cast metals?
It is the development of a groove on a hot polycrystal at the place where a stationary grain boundary emerges to intersect the surface. If interface properties has no dependency on alignment, the groove is said to develop in such a way that the resultant of the two surface tensions and the one grain boundary tension will disappear along the line of intersection.
You can read more of this in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116497
A polished polycrystal has and maintain a flat surface at room temperature due to the fact that kinetic of atoms' mobility is far too slow. While, at an elevated temperature mobility of atoms facilitates. On this condition, the surface grows grooves along triple junctions, where the surface meet grain boundaries. The grooves reveal the grain boundaries in the microscope. Atoms move arbitrary, and they may diffuse in the lattice, on the surface, or evaporate into the vapor phase. Atoms diffused on the surface move away from the triple junction, making a dent along the junction. This results in piling two bumps nearby.
Here is the link to the explanation of the theory and modeling of grooving:
https://imechanica.org/files/L07%20%20GB%20Grooving.pdf
At an elevated temperature atoms move. The surface grows grooves along triple junctions, where the surface meet grain boundaries. The grooves reveal the grain boundaries in the microscope. Atoms may move in many ways. They may diffuse in the lattice, diffuse on the surface, or evaporate into the vapor phase
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