I am new to this field but could anyone tell me what depletes choline? I am looking at cell membrane integrity as part of a greater study in immunology and I think choline will very likely play a part here.
So far, I have gathered that choline is depleted by stress (but how?), as well as drugs such as methotrexate. I have also seen websites suggesting that it can also be depleted by caffeine or sulfonamide drugs? Is this true? Are there any papers that cover this topic?
A few more questions / requests for info:
1) Is there any known link between magnesium and phosphatidylcholine in strengthening cell membrane integrity?
2) I am also looking for papers showing any link between choline and folate loss and/or anemia. Any recommendations?
3) Lastly, I am looking for papers showing the use of choline in alleviating asthma and colitis. Any recommendations?
Comercial Parenteral Nutrition preparation most often don't contain choline, as far as I know. Theoretically a PN based feeding might deplete choline. Hope this is usefulle
Best
MC
Thank you Dr. Casaer.
That is an interesting observation. What is a PN-based feeding?
Appreciated
Silly me, PN-based feeding is Parenteral Nutrition. I wasn't making the connection between your two sentences.
And Yes, I definitely think choline should be included in PN feeding given that it is implicated in folate deficiency and anemia.
you might like to look at Romano,KA et al. Intestinal microbiota composition modulates choline bioavailability from diet and accumulation of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide. MBio. 6[2], e02481. 2015
choline is necessary for acetylcholine synthesis.. there is a cholinergic [ choline) control that down regulates inflammation [ see ISRN gastorenterology 2013 ] ..this reflex inhibits cytokine production via alpha receptors in macrophages and splenocytes....see ref online www.frontiersin.org may 2014 , 5 ,74. choline is generally overlooked in clinical nutrition ,,we have a recommended daily allowance and only 10% of the US adult population as adequate intakes , FASEB 2007,21,16.. sources of food are liver @ eggs .. most daily multiples do not provide even 50% RDA , reasons are that it requires the addition of two tablets or capsules for 100% RDA and the demand is not there from consumers or docs..chronic inflammation related to a number of "diseases" see Alex Vasquez writings www.ICHNFM.org..choline needs more attention ..chronic longer term low intakes decrease memory in mammalian animals studies ..also is a source of methyl groups for methtylation pathways
Dear (Prof.?) Michael Golden and (Dr.?) William Sparks
I GREATLY appreciate your feedback. Thanks
Michael, I see the paper you mention is freely available online @ http://mbio.asm.org/content/6/2/e02481-14.full.pdf+html. It gives me a great deal to think about. Thanks.
William, the way choline downregulates inflammation is of great interest to me but I cant seem to access the links you provide. Yes, from what I read, I can agree with youon how choline is generally overlooked. I have used myself as a guinea-pig and greatly increased cell-membrane integrity foods (inluding choline), and can testify to the results - particularly an increase in Hgb.
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