In most cases, the wastewater from villages eventually is lead to different nearby water bodies, like Rivers, Streams, Wetands etc. and such wastewater comprises of household wastewater (both Greywater and Blackwater), drained water, stormwater etc. It happens to be also the ideal choice due to the topographic advantages.
So it has become utmost necessary to take some adequate, suitable and affordable measures to treat such wastewater as a preventive measure to keep the eventual recipient water bodies cleen.
Thanks and Regards.
Nripendra Kumar Sarma
Nagaon, Assam, India
Please refer to DHS treatment technology. DHS refers to downflow hanging sponge system. It is a cost effective technology with no or minimum maintenance cost. It was developed in Japan and we applied it through a project in Egypt (New Borg Alarab city). You can search on the web for DHS+harada+tawfik+E-JUST to find several papers on the use of technology
Sewage treatment plant will have to be adopted considering that blackwater( domestic sewage) is disposed into the water body. A collection system like a collection tank will have to be constructed, sizes will depend upon area and population considered, mode of cenveyance of wastewater, concentration among other parameters.
Different conventional treatment methods and new methods are available - the details of which can be seen in CPHEEO Manual which can be found at cpheeo.nic.in.
Some rural technologies are also successfully developed using locally available technology.
Since domestic wastewater is identified as the predominant wastewater source in the question, and that in village scenario, it is assumed that population density is relatively less with land availability is not an issue. Properly constructed septic tanks with soak pits will serve partial treatment in case of resource limitation however, location and proximity to water bodies and soil condition needs to be analysed/ tested before proposing such a system..
Soak pits could be modified to achieve further filtration of supernatent overflow.
the best I have seen is the Enviro-cycle treatment plant. The system treats all waste both grey and black in one system and the water released at its outlet is drinkable. This water can then be reused or released into the environment; safer water, in most cases then what local councils in many area supply.
A key factor to be considered when choosing wastewater treatment technology is the flow. Constructed wetlands (or treatment wetlands) are a interesting technology if the flow to be treated is not very high.
Depending on the wastewater characterization, surface flow or vertical/horizontal subsurface flow tipology should be selected.
A key factor to be considered when choosing wastewater treatment technology is the flow. Constructed wetlands (or treatment wetlands) are a interesting technology if the flow to be treated is not very high.
Depending on the wastewater characterization, surface flow or vertical/horizontal subsurface flow tipology should be selected.
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