It is well known that the elements like C, N. P, O undergo bio-geochemical cycling in nature. I am interested to know what are the basic reasons of this natural process.
I'm not sure what you mean by "basic reasons" but the short evolutionary explanation would be that as ecosystems evolved, the biogeochemical processes in those systems evolved into cyclical processes. Since the quantities of the world's elements are limited and unchanging, evolution would favor biological processes that recycled nutrient elements.