Many countries participate in international studies to assess the performance of different educational systems. However, when selecting items to be included in the tests, consideration is given to issues of discrimination and difficulty for the items according to the criteria of norm- referenced tests, but at the same time these studies are viewed on the basis of their interest in knowing the level of students' acquisition of the skills necessary for their participation effectively in their society. . Based on that, how can these tests be classified in the context of what appears to be a contradiction between the aim of these studies and the procedures for their development and the criteria that govern the selection of their items?

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