Dear @Navindra Boodia You can access following links; hope, these would be useful to you:

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/10/2541/pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0570178314000190

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6214443/

https://www.google.com/amp/s/scialert.net/fulltext/amp.php%3fdoi=ajpp.2012.17.29

https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-020-02381-9

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21441-7

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337242671_Anatomical_agro-morphological_and_physiological_changes_in_rice_under_cumulative_and_stage_specific_drought_conditions_prevailed_in_eastern_region_of_India

proline is a secondary metabolite produced under plant stress as salt and drought stress, even glycine betaine

polyphenols acids or basics.....

Thank you Arbind and Sonia for the great help!

Sonia Mbarki: I like your ideas about proline and glycine betaine.

Your welcome

Physically, we can see leaf curling of leaves during drought and they produce proaline as a reaction of the leaves/plant to drought stress. Many articles can support this.

Thank you!

Dear Navindra Boodia, I hope these papers could be useful to you.

Thank you Girma Hailemichael Gebre and Noureddine El Haddad for sharing.

Most welcome

Check https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0570178314000190

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657814/

Also check https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/4605/pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8657814/

Article Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanis...

Hi,

all the biochemical parameters that are critically linked to the drought tolerance trait in legumes and cereals are explained in detail in this paper below:

Article Drought and Elevated CO2 Impacts Photosynthesis and Biochemi...

Thank you Bikash Adhikari Kiprotich Kiptum Chinaza Godswill Awuchi

for your valuable input and sharing.

Membrane stability is also one of the parameter, related to MDA content.

Thank you very much Prinka Goyal

May you please say a few words about MDA content?

Malondialdehyde (MDA) content is related to membrane stability. It is produced by the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid by reactive oxygen species. During drought stress, the MDA content increases. Low the MDA content, there will be more membrane stability.

The physiological characteristics, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf temperature and leaf water potential have been linked to drought tolerance in common bean. The yield loss of grain legumes varies from species to species, even variety to variety within a species, depending upon the severity of drought stress and several other factors, such as phenology, soil textures and agro-climatic conditions. Closure of stomata leads to an increase in leaf temperature by reducing the transpiration rate, and, so, the legume plant faces another stress under drought stress. Legumes can adapt to the drought stress by changing their morphology, physiology and molecular mechanism. Improved root system architecture, reduced number and size of leaves, stress-induced phytohormone, stomatal closure, and antioxidant defense system; solute accumulation and altered gene expression play a crucial role in drought tolerance. Drought stress reduced the net leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration rate and leaf water potential in barley. Wheat crop is sensitive to heat and drought stresses mainly at the flowering and grain development stages, which negatively impact the yield and grain quality. Genes controlling root architecture and stomatal development play an important role in soil moisture extraction and its retention, and therefore have been targets of molecular breeding strategies for improving drought tolerance.

Thank you for the comprehensive answer. Very helpful!