There are several industrial and reactor installations which discharge higher temperature along with their effluent when compared with the surrounding temperature levels; I would like to know the measures to reduce the same?
Depending on the value of the heat, the installation could use an exchanger to recover thermal energy from the dischage and utlize it in the facility either for pre-heating processes or district heat to the facility proper, or nearby buildings. Alternatively, providing electricity is possible for a small thermal gradient as in Ocean Thermal or Japan's process heat recovery work, if a lower boiling point working fluid is used (ammonia, isobutane, or isopentane or ammonia-water). See Japanese example link or Hawaiian Ocean Thermal Link (OTECI).
Geothermal cooling and pre-mixing with nonpotable water are other alternatives that may or may not be feasible in the area, but can precool the effluent through dilution of heat. Depending on the volume of discharge, difference in temperature, and area available, a precooling retention pond structure may be built to allow themal energy to dissipate during the detention period.
There are many ways to dissipate the energy that is really dependent on local conditions, restrictions and regulation of effluent, and temperature differences. Sometimes even doing local remdiation work on streams/rivers/lakes to improve the temperature may be adequate to offset the themal input.
http://www.aidic.it/cet/13/35/037.pdf
http://www.oteci.com/
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