Many countries in the world have attempted to define, what quality Urban Design is; by emphasizing the key concepts and showing a way forward for formulation of strategies and designs based on the key concepts.
Specifically Australia and New Zealand have prepared 'Urban Design Protocol' and encouraged organizations to commit to ‘Good Urban Design’. In New Zealand the Good Urban Design is encouraged by being signatory to the protocol. Being a signatory for an organization is a voluntary but after being signatory the organization should advocate Good Urban Design. In Australia the protocol has worked on partnering organization and encouraging for advocating Good Urban Design.
On other hand CABE in UK has taken up advocacy role to propagate quality Urban Design. The CABE experiment offers lot of potential for non-regulatory framework of implementing Good Urban Design.
Many European countries and other developed nations also have their own ways of implementing Urban Design and enhancing its quality. However, Many developing countries have adopted general broad level Development Control Regulations (DCR) and within that just an enabling clause allowing authorities to frame special regulation for public realm, buildings in notified district etc. and the features like façade, material, fenestration, awnings etc. Few isolated examples of Urban Design advocacy can be seen in New Delhi by means of ‘Delhi Urban Arts Commission’. Where the major public projects in New Delhi like education institutions, mixed use development, business districts etc. are approved by the commission on merit of design of public realm.
I am keen to know similar examples for other countries like Germany, The Netherlands, France, Italy, US, Brazil, China, Japan, Russia. The document I am looking is not case specific design guidelines/guidance but Regulatory Framework or Planning Policy or any other Governance Tool.
Hello,
Here are some sources that can answer some of your questions or guide your thoughts.
Best,
- Jaeger, Alfred M., and B. R. Baliga. "Control Systems and Strategic Adaptation: Lessons from the Japanese Experience." Strategic Management Journal 6, no. 2 (1985): 115-34.
- Andrews, Kenneth T., and Bob Edwards. "Advocacy Organizations in the U.S. Political Process." Annual Review of Sociology 30 (2004): 479-506.
- BLAIR, THOM. "HUMAN FACTORS IN URBAN PLANNING—8: ADVOCACY PLANNING." Official Architecture and Planning 34, no. 2 (1971): 131-34.
- Campbell, Heather, and Robert Marshall. "Professionalism and Planning in Britain." The Town Planning Review 76, no. 2 (2005): 191-214.
The top-down strategies are obvious. The bottom-up strategies are not. You might wish to consider how it might be possible to empower citizens to produce better design. Just as one example, consider what is needed to internalize what would otherwise be negative externalities. How can you encourage the production of positive externalities? What can you do to facilitate neighborhood change in a direction that neighbors appreciate?
Hello Peter F. Colwell,
Thanks for the answer. I agree with the view point. World is moving from top down governance to empowering grassroots in most of the aspects of urban development. However, my interest is what are the governance tools tried in different countries to understand the complete spectrum. I take your point and will probe more towards empowering measures to make meaningful urban spaces.
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