Dear Japhet

This is a very broad question and it may be helpful to think about refining it if you would like to get specific answers.

Starting at a global level there are currently three fluvial flood forecasting systems that are operational worldwide. These are: the Global Flood Awareness System (GLOFAS) https://www.globalfloods.eu/, the Global Flood Forecasting and Information System (GLOFFIS) https://www.researchgate.net/project/Global-Scale-Predictability-of-Floods-GLOFFIS and HypeWeb https://hypeweb.smhi.se/. The most widely used of these global flood forecasting systems is probably GloFAS. GloFAS was co-developed by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, as part of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS), and the University of Reading in the UK. It is operated by the ECMWF.

This paper gives a brief review of flood forecasting techniques: Article A Brief Review of Flood Forecasting Techniques and Their Applications

This paper is good to get an overview of flood forecasting and warning systems in Africa: Article Current status on flood forecasting and early warning in Africa

This paper gives the perception of stakeholders to various early warning systems in Africa, South Asia and the Caribbean: Article Stakeholders’ perceptions of the overall effectiveness of ea...

There are plenty more papers on this subject if you look on Google Scholar.

I will restate that this answer has only just scratched the surface in answering your question, so it would be useful for you to think a bit more about the specifics of what you would like to know.

I hope that this is of help.

Darren

Community Based Flood Early Warning System - CBFEWS Developed by ICIMOS