Dear Obehi, we (in dental school) know a list of three issues in this thread:
The procedure depends on the desired location of the preparation margin (we use shoulder preparation):
1) Supragingival location makes no complications from aid;
2) infragingival situation after time produces gingival retractions,
3) subgingival location is rich in complications. Therefore, the indication is
3.1) only for simple cotton threads,
3.2) for threads with metal salts and optionally
3.3) for threads with adrenergic substances; each etching brings gingival retractions afterwards;
3.4) alternatively, we use the pressure-application of paste in the gingival pocket, which supples the gingiva from the tooth. The exposure time is shorter than the use of retraction cords. We use either haemodialysate with polidocanol on adhesive-basis or soft silicone.
It is very important for me to ensure: We don’t use any other physical devices: It is widely told to melt the gingival margin with electro surgery, electrocoagulation or with lasers. Gingival tissue undergoes scarring colliquative necrosis by this special gingivoplasty.
Thank you very much Professor Heinz, however i'll like to ask just one more question based on the above answer
What is the essence of the metal salts in the thread because I'm aware the adrenergic substances is to reduce bleeding
I would prefer to retract the gingival tissues for impression by using diode LASER - fast, simple and painless.
Dear Obehi, excuse that I am late because on travel.
We have represented in our yearly publication DENTAL VADEMECUM the following position:
The retraction cord consists of a braided or twisted cotton thread in sizes 0.5-1.0 mm diameter. It may be impregnated or soaked with vasoconstrictive (Adrenergic) and hemostatic (aluminum chloride, sulfate, hexachloride, hexahydrate) means. The development of the center was based on dermatological antiperspirant. Crystals known as Alaun or Alum also contain aluminum. Alaun was been used by the ancient Romans. Plinius said: "... away the stink under the arms as well as the sweat." The antiperspirant will be here probably due to the aluminum.
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