Tandrima Banerjee

In the presented articles you can find answers to your questions

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6022727A/en

Article Aphron Applications – A review of recent and current research

Hi !

There are few points that you should keep in consideration to generate stable aphrons, that are suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The emulsification process typically requires high-shear homogenizers or rotor-stator mixers operating at speeds ranging from 6,000 to 20,000 RPM, with shear rates between 10,000 to 50,000 s⁻¹, depending on the system viscosity and surfactant concentration. The recommended working volume capacity varies between 100 mL to 5 L for lab-scale production, with scale-up options for pilot and industrial setups. For optimal aphron generation, you can use emulsifiers such as nonionic surfactants like Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) and Span 60 (Sorbitan monostearate), and anionic surfactants such as Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES) are commonly used due to their ability to form thick interfacial layers and promote microbubble stabilization. Polymeric surfactants like Pluronic F68 or PEGylated lipids can enhance stability and biocompatibility for drug delivery. This will help you to generate reproducible aphron with adjustable tip geometries to optimize droplet or bubble size and distribution, critical for formulation stability and performance.

Also you can refer to the article referred by Yuri Mirgorod -Article Aphron Applications – A review of recent and current research

Mani Sharma Thank you so much for your suggestions.

Can you please refer some homogenizer/emulsifier that are suitable for aphron generation and easily available in India?

Tandrima Banerjee

Hi !

Actually you can perform your studies using , high-shear homogenizers such as the IKA T 25 Digital Ultra-Turrax and Remi RQ-127A/D are suitable and widely available in India; they provide the required shear rates (~10,000–24,000 rpm) to form stable aphrons with surfactant systems. For larger volumes i will suggest Silverson L5M-A emulsifier is ideal due to its precision control and scalability.

If you are planning to purchase homogenizers/emulsifiers through their official regional distributors:

IKA T 25 Digital Ultra-Turrax: Available in India via IKA India Pvt. Ltd., with offices in Mumbai and Delhi, and distributors like Metrex Scientific and Loba Chemie. Remi RQ‑127A/D Homogenizer: Offered by Remi Instruments (India), headquartered in Mumbai; commonly stocked by local lab equipment suppliers across major metro cities. Silverson L5M‑A High-Shear Emulsifier: Distributed via Silverson Machines Ltd’s India representative, accessible through vendors such as Opaque Instruments (Delhi) and Aquatech Equipments Pvt. Ltd. (Hyderabad).

or you can collaborate with the laboratories equipped with such devices to get your work done.

It was exciting to suggest on this topic, feel free for further discussions.

All the best!

Mani Sharma Thank you so much for your valuable suggestions.

I looked into the Remi RQ-127A/D model and found that it has a maximum capacity of only 100 ml and a top speed of 8000 rpm. Do you think this volume capacity would be sufficient for effective aphron generation?

Additionally, I would appreciate your thoughts on the following models:

• MXBAOHENG High-Speed Homogenizer (6000–22000 rpm)
• Hercuvan TT-30K Digital Handheld Homogenizer (8000–35000 rpm)
• SMI-MT-30K-2 Handheld Homogenizer
• Lab India Rotor Stator homogenizer

Your input would be greatly helpful in selecting the most suitable equipment.

Also, thank you once again for suggesting collaboration with other labs. I am actively exploring this possibility. If you happen to know of any research groups currently working on aphrons, I would be grateful for any recommendations you could share.

Tandrima Banerjee , i would say-The Remi RQ-127A/D, with its 100 mL capacity and 8000 rpm speed, may be suitable only for small-scale aphron generation and initial formulation trials. However, for consistent aphron stability and scalability, a larger volume capacity (≥500 mL) and higher shear homogenizer or rotor-stator system is generally preferred. Also, you can optimize according to your need...you see if your batch is framing appropriate by this model, yes, you can continue.

Feel free to discuss any doubts further..

Mani Sharma Thank you!