The rise in population has increased water use, creating a corresponding rise in wastewater quantity. This increased water use requires more efficient removal of by-products and pollutants using low cost microalgae technology that allows for effluent discharge into the environment within established environmental regulatory limits.The more efficient wastewater treatment using microalgae require technologically advanced, energy intensive treatment systems.
Dear colleagues,
First, thank you for your invitation to participate in your project, which I can't accept. So, I am not collaborator in your Project !
In this moment I run and finish my projet: "GRADED STRUCTURE IN ALGEBRA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS" Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Marc Krasner famous French mathematician and "Officier des Palmes" of French Academy of Sciences, and I have not the time for the other projects as well as interest to participate
I wish you success and Good luck,
Mirjana
Cost pressures are not only related to manufacturing, but also to quantifiable risk and attrition rates for beneficial candidates progressing through experimental trials. Pressure is also increasing for companies to shorten development times and progress rapidly to first-in-human studies that establish product effectiveness. These pressures are forcing the industry to consider a right-first-time approach to minimize the iterations of development. In such a paradigm, application of innovative technologies has the most potential to improve cost outcomes. As products move along their quantifiable and development pathways, however, the opportunity for their sponsors to make process changes diminishes.
Here, we argue that rapid evaluation of technology options needs to be introduced early in product/process development, both for individual products and in development of improved manufacturing platforms. A foundation supporting such efforts is the use of economic analysis that must
Allow the impact of a particular technology to be evaluated across a complete end-to-end platform process
Be consistent in methodology and scope across different users and organizations
Contain a standardized and relevant cost data set
Be neutral to a particular technology, allowing for easy addition of new and novel options to the platform
Produce results that are easily compared and comprehensibly visualized.
Assessing new technology trends — including continuous processes, modular facilities, and single-use (SU) technologies — for a particular product at different scales can be a challenge. Can a harmonized approach be adopted both within a company and externally to communicate to the wider industry, spanning end-users and suppliers? By building on the concepts of process knowledge, we review approaches based on cost of goods (CoG) models with BioSolve Process software from Biopharm Services and use the results to examine capacity impacts using net present cost (NPC) approaches.
A quantitative understanding of potential financial benefits is critical to guiding decision makers toward evaluating and developing the right technology options for implementation in manufacturing. Here, BioSolve Process software is used as a framework to quantify potential financial benefits of platforms and process technologies by analyzing both CoG and NPC.
The study of assessing reduced intial capital costs and operational costs has been applied in engineering projects for many years. It's commonly called Life Cycle Costing.
All the initial capital and operating costs over an expected life cycle are compiled, to this are added denial of use costs, or costs of loss in production, and costs of closing down the opetations or business.
The cacultation is carried out based on net present value, NPV, of the project over the life cycle in years. Alternatives can be assessed by comparing the corresponding NPV costs of the different materials.
A theoretically study is underway at present to compare the alternative Life Cycle Costs of building and maintaining the Eiffle Tower in Paris, with Carbon Steel, Ferritc Stainless Steel and Duplex Stainless Steel. Painting is required for Carbon Steel, but no painting is required for the other steels. Washing is required for the other steels. The NPV is calculated over a 20 year life cycle.
An example of LCC can be seen in the following article in RG.
Research Chromium Enhances an Age-old Tradition, and Safeguards the Q...
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