Methods of training students to solve problems

Is a structured mental activity of the student, a scientific approach begins to stimulate the student's thinking, the existence of the problem of thinking, and the search for solving in accordance with scientific steps, and through the practice of a number of educational activities.

Students acquire through this method a set of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and desired trends, and they must acquire the skills needed to think about them and solve problems because preparing students for life and future life requires not only practical knowledge and skills to cope with life, But they must acquire the skills needed to successfully deal with new data and problem situations that have not been experienced before and have not been exposed to.

And training students to solve problems is necessary, because the problematic situations in the life of each individual and problem solving earns sound methods of thinking, and develop their ability to reflective thinking and it helps students to use different ways of thinking, and the integration of information use, Developing students' ability to think practically, interpret data in a logical way, develop their ability to draw up plans to overcome difficulties, give students confidence in themselves, and develop scientific direction in the face of unfamiliar problem situations.

Definition of problems:

Is every mysterious issue that requires a solution and may be small in one of the things that face the human in his daily life and may be large and may not be repeated in the life of man only once or is the case of the student feel uncertainty and uncertainty or ignorance about a particular issue or subject Or the occurrence of a certain phenomenon.

The problem-solving method defines several definitions

- It is one of the teaching methods in which the teacher plays a positive role to overcome the difficulty of what turns between the achievement of the goal and to be a problem situation must be available three elements

Goal sought.

- Difficulty preventing the achievement of the goal.

- A desire to overcome the difficulty through the activity of a student.

- Problem solving is a behavior that organizes the concepts and rules that have been learned in a way that helps to apply them in the problem situation facing the student. Thus, the student has learned something new is the behavior of solving the problem, which is higher than the level of learning principles, rules and facts.

- It is the activity and the actions carried out by the learner when faced with a position to overcome the difficulties that prevent the solution. This means that the behavior of solving the problem requires the student to carry out an activity and a set of procedures. He connects his previously learned experiences in different and previous situations with the current problem he faces. He collects information, understands the facts and rules, and reaches the generalizations.

The definitions include:

• The process of problem solving depends on conscious observation, experimentation, information gathering and evaluation, which are the same steps of scientific thinking.

• Problem solving is the transition from the whole to the part and from the part to the whole meaning that problem solving is a combination of induction and extrapolation.

• Problem solving is a way of teaching and thinking together where the learner uses rules and laws to reach a solution

• Investigation and discovery processes are integrated into the solution. Where the learner exercises the investigation process in all possible solutions and discovers the relationships between the elements of the solution.

• It is based on a goal on the basis of which education activities are planned and directed, as is the element of foresight, which includes the reorganization of past experiences

• Problem solving means removing the student's instability, and adapting and balancing with the environment.

This means that the behavior of problem solving falls between a full understanding of previous information, a complete lack of awareness of a new position before which it can use its information and skills, and the organization of its previous expertise and information, to choose from the new problem.

Training students in problem solving requires identifying them with problems related to their learning of different materials, or problems related to school and non-school life within their environments. Problems vary between individuals. What is a problem for someone at some time may not be the same for another person at another time, and it depends on the individual himself to accept the problem posed by the solution I seek to resolve it or not. In addition, what is considered a problem for some may not be a problem for a student who has already passed this position, as he reaches his goal without difficulty, while this is a problem for another student he needs to recall his previous literary experiences, and think about Literary literary skills, the literary criticism rules associated with the literary text presented to him, and the selection of these and those, which can be applied in this new position, to reach the desired solution.

There are a number of characteristics used to judge the quality of the problem to which students are exposed. The good problem is that the learner is placed in a position that challenges his or her skills, requires a quick solution, and the level of difficulty is appropriate for the student. Information or data redundant or less than required, and the processes they contain must match the level of knowledge of students. And that the problem raises the motivation of the student, and that the student should not lose confidence in himself or frustrate him to be a mystery, and be meaningful for the student to develop his concepts and information and skills, and include real things familiar to the student learner.

Teaching problem solving is not like teaching them some concepts, information or skills because it is a complex nature of intertwined and interrelated factors, including motivation, attitudes, training, composition of hypotheses, language, transmission of the effect of education, lack of specific content to teach in light of it, Based on programmed steps.

The importance of using a problem-solving method:

• Developing thinking

Dear Ammara

There aee no specific skills for problem-solving , but we can deduce and dedicate some skills to solve problems as follows: 1- The ability of students to read the problem with good form . 2- Understanding the problem by students. 3- Linking the problem with previous experiences of students. 4- Choose the steps to solve the problem. 5- Selection of methods and strategies appropriate to infiltration in the steps of the solution. 6- Guess and appreciate the correct solution, and make sure the solution is correct. All of which fall under the steps of solving the problem of: Understand the problem. Develop a solution plan. Implement the solution plan. Checked Solution Solution.

Interactive education is best for mathematics

The plan or script to keep in mind to solve a problem implies; 1- description of the problem. 2- explanation of the problem qualitatively, 3. Understanding of the problem by the students. 4- activation of previous ideas in relation to the problem .. 6- think and outline appropriate methods and strategies 7. mathematical model mathematical synthesis, 8- apply selected method 9. verification of results according to the method and solution.

Hi, I suggest you to try V. Krutetsky's books and articles. This author can help you a lot. Regards

please read on metacognition

Although Polya’s Problem Solving Techniques is pretty old, but I still find it quite beneficial :

https://math.berkeley.edu/~gmelvin/polya.pdf

You might find this recent book to be useful as it contains many reports of studies of mathematical problem solving:

Book Broadening the scope of research on mathematical problem sol...

Sometimes solving problem is chaotic. Although we teach and guide students with steps , some students follow it like a recipe. To become a proper problem solver requires curiosity and questionning. One must be able to recognize improper solutions, or incorrect or failures to eliminate and acquire experience. Group work often contributes greatly to this.

En revista enseñanza de las ciencias, hay muchos trabajos en resolución de en diferentes disciplina, y de acceso abierto. revisar en esta dirección

https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Ensenanza/issue/archive

Read on problem solving in mathematics education,

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Problem+Solving+in+Mathematics+Education&btnG=

hope it helps you

Thanks a lot for your suggestions and sharing

It seem like, only few studies are talking about problem-solving skills, especially in Africa. Busy trying to find more articles but its hectic.