The best reference I can recommend is Christopher Alexander's The Nature of Order, a four-volume book that was made during a 27 years period. The reason why it is the best is that it deals with not only understanding buildings and cities as living structures, but also making or remaking buildings and cities towards living or more living structures. Herewith a special issue on the four-volume book:
The study of urban morphology must target to the making of living structures, which include architecture, and urban design and planning. However, the mainstream urban morphology is no more than applications of major sciences such as fractal geometry and various mathematics.
D'Acci, L. (Ed.). (2019). The Mathematics of Urban Morphology. Springer International Publishing.
Vanderhaegen, S., & Canters, F. (2010). Developing urban metrics to describe the morphology of urban areas at block level. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci, 36, 192-197.
Oliveira, V., & Medeiros, V. (2016). Morpho: Combining morphological measures. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 43(5), 805-825.
Jiang, B., & Claramunt, C. (2002). Integration of space syntax into GIS: new perspectives for urban morphology. Transactions in GIS, 6(3), 295-309
Svetsuk, A. Mekonnen. 2012. Urban Network Analysis Toolbox. International Journal of Geomatics and Spatial Analysis, 22(2), 287-305.
The best reference I can recommend is Christopher Alexander's The Nature of Order, a four-volume book that was made during a 27 years period. The reason why it is the best is that it deals with not only understanding buildings and cities as living structures, but also making or remaking buildings and cities towards living or more living structures. Herewith a special issue on the four-volume book:
The study of urban morphology must target to the making of living structures, which include architecture, and urban design and planning. However, the mainstream urban morphology is no more than applications of major sciences such as fractal geometry and various mathematics.
To supplement the previous point, the study of urban morphology must be able to address these fundamental questions: Is an urban form good or bad? If bad, how to make it good? If good, how to make it better? All these questions can be well addressed through the notion of living structure to make our cities more living, more sustainable or more beautiful:
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4091
The goodness of architecture and cities is a matter of fact rather than an opinion or personal preference as argued by Christopher Alexander.
Bin Jiang Thank you for your comprehensive explanation of "Urban Morphology". however, I believe that today we have a considerable gap in the practical method for analyzing urban morphology from different perspectives.
From a more humanistic view: The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs; also David Harvey ( Social Justice and the City) and Richard Sennet (Building and Dwelling: Ethics for the City).
From a more objective and mathematical view, there are several references, among them is the basis of Spatial Syntax (the books by Bill Hillier and Julienne Hanson).
In my opinion, both approaches are relevant and there will be even more. I would particularly try to cover the analyses from different perspectives.
Thank you for your comment on this question. Without any doubt, the two main categories which you mentioned above are among the primary factors of studying urban morphology. The current gap, from my perspective, is the lack of a dynamic platform to run a multi-dimensional analysis of urban morphology. For instance how to measure social or climate factors while urban morphology characteristics are changing.