What are the main barriers and constraints to the effective and efficient implementation of the green transformation of the energy sector, including what are the key systemic errors of energy development made in recent years?

In connection with the still high level of greenhouse gas emissions and the rapidly progressing process of global warming, in order to save a significant part of the planet's biosphere from annihilation and to ensure the possibility of life on the planet for future generations of people, it is necessary to effectively and efficiently carry out a green transformation of the economy, including carrying out a green transformation primarily of such sectors of the economy as the energy sector, agriculture, transport, construction and industrial and mining sectors. Besides, the key factors of green transformation of the economy also include increasing the scale of waste sorting and recycling, increasing the scale of implementation of sustainable development goals in individual spheres of civilisation development, increasing green areas in cities, and systemic reform of forestry consisting in changing deforestation processes into aforestation, increasing the scale of sustainability, restoration and protection of biodiversity in forest management. In order to effectively and efficiently carry out the green transformation of the energy sector, it is necessary to scale up the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. In some countries, such as Poland, there is still an outdated energy system in which more than three quarters of heat and electricity is produced by dirty fossil fuel combustion energy. Such a high level of underdevelopment in the energy sector is the result of unused technological and financial opportunities, as well as mainly blocking and limiting the development of clean, emission-free renewable energy in the last 3 decades and especially in the last 8 years. Key factors for the limited sources of financing for the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources include, for example, the earmarking of funds obtained from the sale of CO2 emission rights for other purposes instead of supporting the green energy transition. As a result, the energy system, dominated by government-controlled SOEs, large mining, refining and energy companies, is characterised by low levels of investment in new green technologies and energy eco-innovations. Over the past 8 years, despite emerging technological and financial opportunities, energy companies have failed to make investments that would increase the level of flexibility in adapting energy transmission networks to changes in the level of energy production from different energy sources, including renewable and carbon-free energy sources. As a result of the lack of this type of investment, it is becoming increasingly common that when the level of sunshine is high and/or the level of wind power is high and/or the level of energy consumption by citizens is significantly reduced, there is a large unused surplus of energy. Technologically outdated power grids are unable to accommodate such large energy surpluses. The lack of a constructed storage system for the surplus energy produced results in large losses of generated electricity from renewable and emission-free energy sources. In addition, the government encouraged the development of prosumer energy by having citizens co-finance the creation of backyard mini-generation plants, i.e. mainly the installation of photovoltaic panels on the roof of residential houses. On the other hand, when prosumers, i.e. citizens, produce a significant surplus of electricity, the government-controlled electricity transmission grid companies do not accept this surplus electricity and therefore do not refinance the citizens' bills for the surplus electricity produced. In addition, in a situation of high levels of sunshine and wind power, i.e. where there is a large surplus of electricity generated, it is mainly renewable and emission-free energy sources that are excluded from the energy production system, and not dirty combustion energy sources emitting CO2 into the atmosphere. These are therefore very serious systemic errors in energy management by the government in Poland over recent years.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What are the main barriers and constraints to the effective and efficient implementation of the green transformation of the energy sector, including what are the key systemic mistakes made in energy development in recent years?

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

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